Route map of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

First, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project Roadmap:

Note: ① Dam height 175m, belonging to Yalong River; ② The dam height is 302m, reaching Tianhe; (3) The dam is 296m high and covers the Dadu River.

According to the topographic and geological conditions between the diversion dam site and the Yellow River, many different engineering scales and different self-flow and pumping water diversion methods have been studied for many years. The water diversion project on the west line is located at an altitude of 3,000 ~ 4,500. Because the water surface elevation of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is 80 ~ 450 m lower than that of the Yellow River, the water diversion project on the west line needs to build high dams and dig extra-long tunnels, with dam height 175 ~ 300m and tunnel length of 30 ~ 160km. See Table 2 for the phased implementation opinions of the West Line Project.

II. Brief Introduction of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is a strategic project of China people. It means that the water resources in the Yangtze River basin are divided into east, middle and west lines from its upper, middle and lower reaches, combined with the regional characteristics in China, and transported to the water-deficient areas in North China, Huaihai Plain and Northwest China. The starting point of the East Line Project is Jiangdu Water Control Project in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province; The starting point of the mid-line project is Danjiangkou Reservoir in the middle and upper reaches of the Han River, and the water supply areas are Henan, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin.

Planning scheme:

1, engineering conception

Since President Mao Zedong put forward the idea that "there is more water in the south, but less water in the north, so we can borrow some water when conditions permit", under the leadership and care of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the vast number of scientific and technological workers have done a lot of field surveys and measurements, and on the basis of analyzing and comparing more than 50 schemes, the basic scheme of transferring water from the east, middle and west lines of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project has been formed.

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project mainly solves the problem of water shortage in northern China, especially in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin, with a population of 438 million.

The final water transfer scale of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is planned to be 44.8 billion cubic meters, including 654.38+04.8 billion cubic meters in the east, 654.38+03 billion cubic meters in the middle and 654.38+07 billion cubic meters in the west. The construction time will take about 40-50 years. After completion, it will solve the problem that more than 7 million people drink high fluorine water and brackish water for a long time.

2, the overall planning:

Three water transfer routes are recommended: East, Middle and West. Through the connection of three water transfer lines with the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Huaihe River and the Haihe River, the overall layout with "four horizontals and three verticals" as the main body is formed, which is conducive to realizing the rational allocation pattern of water resources in China. So far, the west line project has not started construction.

(1) East Line Planning

Make use of the existing water diversion projects in Jiangsu Province, gradually expand the scale of water diversion and extend the water transmission lines. The East Line Project draws Yangtze River water from Yangzhou in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and uses the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and its parallel rivers to pump the water to the north step by step, connecting Hongze Lake, Roman Lake, Nansi Lake and Dongping Lake, thus playing a role in regulation and storage. After leaving Dongping Lake, water is delivered in two ways: southbound, crossing the Yellow River through a tunnel near Yishan; The other way is eastward, and water is delivered to Yantai and Weihai through the economic southward of Jiaodong water trunk line. The eastern route project started the earliest, and there are ready-made aqueducts.

(2) midline planning

70% of the water comes from Hanjiang River Basin to Danjiangkou Reservoir, [5]? The Danjiangkou Reservoir, which was enlarged after the Danjiangkou Dam was heightened, discharged water from the first sluice of Taocha Canal in Xichuan, Nanyang, Henan Province, passed through Fangchengyakou, the watershed of the Yangtze River Basin and Huaihe River Basin, passed through the western edge of the Huanghuaihai Plain, crossed the Yellow River in Gubaizui, west of Zhengzhou, and continued northward along the west side of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, which can basically flow to Beijing.

(3) Planning of the Western Front

Dams and reservoirs will be built in the upper reaches of the Tongtian River, Yalong River and Dadu River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and water tunnels will be dug in Bayankala, the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, to introduce the Yangtze River water into the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The water supply target of the West Line Project is mainly to solve the water shortage problem in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Guanzhong Plain of Weihe River in six provinces (autonomous regions) such as Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Shanxi. Combined with the construction of the key water control project in the main stream of the Yellow River, it can also supply water to the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province adjacent to the Yellow River basin, and replenish water to the lower reaches of the Yellow River in time if necessary. Construction has not yet started.

The total water transfer scale of the east, middle and west routes will be 44.8 billion cubic meters by 2050, including 654.38+04.8 billion cubic meters in the east, 654.38+03 billion cubic meters in the middle and 654.38+07 billion cubic meters in the west. The whole project will be implemented in stages according to the actual situation.