1 1 an immigrant scientist who has made great contributions to the United States.

Page 1 * * 2: Page 1 Page 2 Bettmann Archive/Getty Throughout American history, immigrants have played a vital role in the growth and progress of the United States as a country. They come here to look for opportunities that are out of reach in the motherland; In many cases, they try to escape religious or racial persecution, or escape the terror of war or natural disasters.

All kinds of scientists are looking for a new life in America. In this process, they brought professional knowledge that made great contributions to the progress of their respective fields, and promoted scientific discoveries from theoretical physics to pathology to biochemistry.

Immigration scientists have also won some of the highest honors in the scientific community for their pioneering work; Since 2000, Forbes reported that 40% (365,438+0 out of 78 prizes) of the Nobel Prizes won by the United States in chemistry, medicine and physics were won by immigrants.

These are 1 1 scientists. They started their scientific journey in different countries, but in the end, all the roads they traveled gathered in the United States, and they called their country their home.

John james audubon: naturalist and artist (1785-1) john james audubon (1785- 185 1), American naturalist and artist, and his classic book Birds in America. John james audubon was born in Santo Domingo (now Haiti) and grew up in Nantes. He was sent to the United States at the age of 1803 to avoid being recruited into the French army. Audubon investigated and recorded his observation of nature, showing his special interest in birds. He identified 25 species of birds and 12 new subspecies, but he is probably best known for his extremely realistic bird pictures and paintings in natural habitats, and paid close attention to anatomical details. His greatest achievement is the publication of a book called Birds in America, which contains 435 watercolors and is regarded as a milestone in wildlife illustration.

John muir: Naturalist and writer (1848- 19 14) (National Records and Archives Administration) john muir was born in Scotland and moved to Wisconsin with his family in 1849. Muir has been fascinated by wild space since he was a child. He made extensive observations and wrote about the beauty of nature. He especially likes the scenery of California, especially Yosemite and Sierra Nevada. He participated in the creation of several national parks, such as Yosemite, Petrochemical Forest, Mount Rainier and Grand Canyon, and worked closely with President theodore roosevelt to establish a national protection plan.

Albert Einstein: Theoretical physicist (1879- 1955)) Albert Einstein was born in Germany. He took a more complicated road than most people and eventually became an American citizen. 1896, Einstein gave up German citizenship at the age of 0/7, and 190 1 year became a Swiss citizen. 19/kloc-joined the German civil service in 0/4 and regained German citizenship. However, due to anti-Semitism and the growing strength of the Nazi Party, he gave up his German nationality and fled Germany on 1933. After moving to the United States to accept the position of Princeton professor of theoretical physics, Einstein became an American citizen in 1940 and maintained dual citizenship with Switzerland. Einstein won the 192 1 year Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of photoelectric effect-how light generates electric energy-and his pioneering observation that light appears in the form of particles and waves. He is also famous for developing special theories. DSPs“Bethe's work in the United States was part of the team that developed nuclear arsenals in the 1940s, which inspired him to promote education and public awareness about nuclear weapons and arms control. In the following decades, he launched a campaign to end nuclear testing and encouraged scientists to stop designing new nuclear weapons. 1967 won the nobel prize in physics for discovering the reactions that generate energy inside stars.

Elizabeth Stern: Pathologist (19 15- 1980) (University of Toronto) Elizabeth Stern, born in Ontario, Canada, studied at the Medical College of the University of Toronto, and obtained American citizenship in 1943. From 65438 to 0963, she became a professor of epidemiology (a branch of medicine that studies disease patterns) at the University of California, and was one of the earliest researchers who specialized in studying diseased cells.

Stern published a study describing the link between herpes simplex and cervical cancer; Her findings are considered to be the first case study linking a specific virus with a specific type of cancer. She was the first person to associate oral contraceptives with cervical cancer. Her research on cervical cells found that when cells change from a healthy state to a cancerous state, there are 250 progressive stages, which makes it possible to detect and treat early cancer.

Rita Levi Montal Sini: Neurobiologist (1909-2012) (Mondadori via Getty) Rita Levi Montal Sini was born in Turin, Italy. She studied medicine at the University of Turin and graduated from 1936. During World War II, Levi Montaccini lived in Mussolini's unstable Italian environment. Because of her Jewish ancestry, she was forbidden to engage in academic work and hide. She conducted neurological research on chicken embryos in a temporary laboratory at home.

Levi Montaccini moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and accepted the position of Washington University on 1947. She eventually became a dual citizen of the United States and Italy. 1986, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine by biochemist Stanley cohen, because she isolated a protein which is helpful to the growth of embryonic cells, and changed people's scientific understanding of how cells divide and reproduce.