The legend of Hua Xu's life

Hua Xu, also known as Hua Xushi, was born in China. In ancient historical documents, she is quite mythical, "the snake head is a sage." He also said that "following the giant's trail means moving, and the rainbow stands around, so it begins to stretch. The emperor was born in Ji Cheng and took King Mude as the wind family."

Hua Xu is an outstanding tribal female leader in ancient matriarchal clan society, and the mother of Fuxi and Nu Wa, that is, "Hua Xu gave birth to Fuxi as a man and Nu Wa as a woman" in Spring and Autumn Annals. At the same time, she is also the ancestor of the Chinese nation and the distant ancestor of the Yellow Emperor, that is, the note in Mandarin Jinyu IV: The Book of the World contains "In the past, there were few marriages, and Huang Di, Yan Di and great-grandmother Hua Xushi were born."

In addition to Hua Xu's Liezi, Zhuangzi mentioned Xushi He twice, namely Hua Xu.

"Harmony" and "flower" are both afterburning flames at the top of the word "Xu": they directly describe "harmony" and "brightness", and the flowers at the top of plants are metaphors of "flowers" and "flowers".

The word "flower" in the bronze wares "Mao" and "Mourning for Life" in the Western Zhou Dynasty is like flowers and trees. Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Er Ya Cao Shi, Guang Ya, etc. Think that "Hua" means "Rong". "Therefore, Chinese characters contain beautiful, glorious, emotional and elegant manners." The names of China and Huaxia come from Hua Xu, and so does the name of China. Textual Research on the Origin of China draws a conclusion from textual research and exegesis: "Xu, Ya, Jia and Xia are interlinked, and China is Hua Xu. So it can be said that China culture is Hua Xu culture, and the source of China culture is Hua Xu culture. " Historians in ancient and modern times have never stopped studying Hua Xu. After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up, with the upsurge of excavating history and culture and developing tourism, people in the legendary era of ancient history have attracted much attention, and Hua Xu is one of them. It is generally believed that she was the representative of the clan in the early Neolithic period (65,438+0,000 years ago), and the clan lasted for a long time until before Yangshao culture (about 6,500 or 6,000 years ago).

Hua Xu's textual research on his native place mainly comes from China's theory, Leize's theory, Jiuhe's theory and Xu's theory. According to the analysis, experts in literature and history agree that Hua Xu's hometown is Mengyan Village, Hua Xu Town, Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, and he was buried here because the records here are detailed and reliable.

Wang Jia of the Jin Dynasty wrote in Notes on the Collection of Relics: "The country of offering sacrifices has the continent of Hua Xu. The mother god swims on it, and there is a green rainbow around the mother god. After a long time, it will be gone, that is, I feel pregnant and died after twelve years. " Qing Wu's Zhi Yi Lu lue said: "My mother lived in Hua Xu (now Lantian, Shaanxi) and was born in Ji Cheng (now Qin 'an County, Gansu). According to Chronicles of Bamboo Slips Years ago: "Tai Hao, the mother of Tai Hao, lived in the Zhu of Hua Xu, and was moved by the giant, surrounded by the rainbow, and began to stretch. Xu Wenjing wrote: "Press, Hua Xu, the place name, in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province." . Obuchi Rizhu. "Generally speaking, Gu Hua Guo Xu is located in Huawei Town, Lantian County, about 20 kilometers east of Xi City, Shaanxi Province.

Song Min asked Chang 'an Chronicle to quote Wei Zhi: "There is a tomb of Zun Lu in the west and Nuwa Valley in the north, so I know this place is the former residence of Huang San." In the Yuan Dynasty, Luo Tianxiang quoted the story of Sanqin in Chang 'an Annals: "There is a temple at the top of Mount Li, and if you don't fast, you will lose your life", also known as the ancestral temple. The article "Lantian County" in Volume 26 of Taiping Guangji is the same as that of the post-Wei Fangzhi. There is also a cloud that "Lantian defends Huang San's former residence, and there is Hua Xu Mausoleum in the territory." Shaanxi Tongzhi said: "Huang San Temple is located 30 miles north of Lantian County, dedicated to Hua Xushi, Fu and Nuwa. Both Gai Xi Shi and Nu Wa were born in Hua Xu, so they were worshipped in their hometown. " The record of Xi Pacification is the same as this.

"Lantian County Records" contains: "Lantian County has Hua Xu Mausoleum, which is called Huang San's former residence." The mausoleum is located in Mengyan Village, north of Hua Xu Town. "In the west of the village, it is also Hua Xu Gully, and after Hua Xu Gully, it is Songjia Village (formerly known as Songjia Gelao)", which is very consistent with "Hua (where Hua Xu and his children live)". There is a local legend that this is where Hua Xu lived after she got pregnant. ”。 "There is an ancient temple named Huang San Temple in the south tableland of Songjiacun, and there is a stone tablet engraved with the words' Ancient Hua Xu Fuxi Zhao Shen Land'. It is similar to the record of Song Shu Fu Rui Zhi. " Today, there is a village in the lower reaches of the Red River in Trivia Town. The Red River is called Nunugou in history books. Shang Hua Village in Bailuyuan was formerly known as Nuwa Village. Near Mengyan Village, there is a village called Shiqizhai. Most villagers think it is a descendant of members of the ancient guard of honor. "So far, there is a stone tablet in Hua Xu town that records the achievements of Huang San. On one of the stone tablets, there are three Chinese characters in the middle, with Fuxi Zhao Shen on the left and Huangdi sleepwalking on the right.

Zhong Zhang He of Xi 'an Institute of Literature and History believes that a large number of historical records and relics can be used as evidence: the tribal center of the Three Emperors' era was Huaxu State. Hua Xu, surnamed Feng, is from Lantian. She was over 8300 years ago. She was not only the biological mother of Huang San Nuwa and Fuxi, but also an outstanding tribal leader in the late Hua Xu Kingdom. He was the leader of China in ancient times who fought against the famine of heaven and earth and bred civilization.

Zhang Xinbin of Henan Academy of Social Sciences believes that Hua Xu is a figure in the pre-Fuxi era represented by matriarchal system, the mother of Chinese humanities and an important source of the pre-Huaxia nation of the Chinese nation. Hua Xu's remains were preserved in Lantian, Shaanxi, and Lantian ape-man was found. Both of them are the embodiment of early human culture and have internal relations. Lantian culture, represented by them, has an unusual significance in the process of exploring the origin of China culture. There are many ancient books about Hua Xu's induced pregnancy and Fuxi. Hua Xu's trip is recorded in the Century of the Emperor, Volume 78 of Taiping Imperial View, Poem Weft with Divine Fog, On Five Virtues of Being a Latent Husband, Weft Volume 11, River Map, Filial Piety and Wang Jia's Notes on the Collection of Leftovers.

According to legend, when Hua Xu was out, he accidentally saw a particularly large footprint by Razer Lake. He stepped on it curiously, induced pregnancy, and gave birth to Fuxi after 12 years of pregnancy. Hua Xushi ethnic group is growing in Hua Xu (now Lantian, Shaanxi), and its population is increasing, so it needs to find new food sources. So some clans in the tribe stayed, and some developed to the north or the east. Hua Xu led the tribe to migrate to the west. One clan lives in Huating (now Huachi County, Qingyang, Gansu Province), and my own clan lives in Ji Cheng (now Qin 'an County, Tianshui, Gansu Province), gradually forming a new "settlement". Local indigenous tribes live in harmony with immigrants, join their tribes and respect Hua Xu as the leader. In production and life, they gradually explored and invented painted pottery. This pottery-making technology was loved by the ancestors and soon spread among the surrounding clan ancestors. Hua Xu sent his people to teach technology and help the ancestors of other clans to make painted pottery. The discovery and excavation of early Neolithic sites such as Dadiwan in Qin 'an, Zhao and Xishanping in Tianshui City proved that there were indeed relatively progressive clans and tribes in Tianshui 8000 years ago. The settlement sites and culture of Dadiwan can be compared with Hua Xu tribes in general. Ancestors had semi-crypt-shaped square and oval simple houses, and the pottery was reddish brown and taupe. Dadiwan-type cultural sites have been found in Xihan River, Xihe River, Lixian County and Huixian County in the upper reaches of Jialing River, indicating that Hua Xu people have moved into this area, or that their culture has influenced the present southeast of Gansu. At that time, Suiren moved into Tianshui area. They gradually merged with the aborigines and migrated to the west (now central and western Gansu and Qinghai) and south (now Longnan Gansu, Hanzhong Shaanxi and Sichuan).

After living for a period of time, Hua Xu left the clan here and led some clan ancestors to return to the east along the Wei River. "The Twenty-six History of Five Emperors" says: "His mother, Hua Xushi, lives in Hua Xu. Hua Xu is now Lantian County, Xi District, Shaanxi Province. One day, I swam to the mountains and saw the footsteps of a giant. My mother walks with her feet and moves consciously. Suddenly, red light enveloped her whole body, so she was pregnant 16 months and gave birth to the emperor. "This is a fairy tale written for Fuxi's birth to show that Fuxi and his mother Hua Xu are not mortal. Fu was born about 8,000 years ago (7,500 years ago) and is generally associated with Hua Xushi.

A few months after her pregnancy, Hua Xu took her relatives to inspect the life and production of the people in her hometown, first crossing Weishui and Shuijing to Huating (now Huachi County, Qingyang City, Gansu Province) and then to Ji Cheng. Unable to return to China due to fatigue and labor, he gave birth to his son Fuxi. This is why Hua Xu was born in Hua Xu and Fuxi was born in Fuxi. After that, Hua Xu got pregnant and gave birth to Nuwa, and Fuxi Nuwa clan moved eastward. Hua Xu was old and settled in Zhu Zhu, Hua Xu, where he was buried after his death. The ancestors buried him and offered sacrifices. Some ethnic groups or ethnic branches in Hua Xu moved eastward, and branches entered the north bank of the Yellow River as far as the northeast; All the way south (some went up the Yangtze River into Shu, and then joined Hua Xu people who migrated from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to Guizhou and Yunnan). Wang's Textual Research on the Culture of Yanhuang Clan said: Qufu is the country of ancient big families. "Further east to Hua Xu, Hua Xu is the old country of the nation, but the name of Hua Xu can't be changed, so it is still from the old name. On the day when Hua Xu was called, the word became good." Hua Xu or Huxuling, Huabu Zhanshan, Huaquan and Huayinji. Shandong is full of relics or place names moved by Hua Xu's descendants. "Jin Shu Ji Kang Chuan" says: "Kang Chang Luo Xi, Su Huayang Pavilion." Tong Ya said, "Huating is in Mi County." This is now Xinmi, Henan. The same is true of Huayi in Shangqiu, which was formed by the descendants of Hua Xu migrating here from west to east.

The place names of Hua Xu in the south are mostly brought by the branch of Hua Xu in the process of migration after Xia and Shang Dynasties, or named after relocation. For example, Huayang River in the east of Zaoyang, Hubei, Hualing County in the east and west of Jiangling City, Huarong County in the south of Qianjiang City, and Huarong River in China; Fanghua Street in the north of Jingan County, Jiangxi Province, and Hualin Mountain in the southwest of Fengxin County; Hualin Mountain in the northwest of Wangcheng, Hunan and Huatangpu in Chenzhou; Huayang County, located in Chengdu in Tang Dynasty; Huashan (Xiaohua Mountain) in Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province, Huashu Town in Jiangyin County, Huashan in Jurong County and Huali in Jiangning; Huating, Huajing Port and Huajing City in Shanghai; Huating and Hua Xu Mountain in Putian, Fujian; Huahui Town, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Huachuan County, Yiwu and Huabu Town, Kaihua County, Tang Zhi; Huafeng Market in Suixi County, Guangdong Province, Huamei Village in Chaozhou and Huaping Market in Nanhai; Huaping County, Yunnan, etc. Although the cause and time of its formation are uncertain, they are all related to the migration or cultural spread of Hua Xu's descendants. After nearly ten years of investigation, demonstration and historical data collection, the authenticity of Hua Xu Mausoleum has been recognized by more and more experts and scholars. Since then, the study of Hua Xu and the archaeological protection of Hua Xu Mausoleum have also been carried out in an all-round way, marking that Hua Xu, the ancestor of China, who has been forgotten for nearly a hundred years, has once again attracted the attention of all sectors of society, and has moved from literature and history materials to real life. Hua Xu Mausoleum is located in the north of Hua Xu Town, which is said to be the place where Hua Xushi lived after pregnancy. There is a "Huang San Temple" in the south tableland of Songjia Village, which is said to be "Fuxi Ancient Land in Hua Xu". There is a village in the lower reaches of the Red River in Hua Xu Town. This red river is called Nuwa ditch. Lihua village on Bailuyuan is Nuwa village. Modern archaeology is highly related to ancient legends, so there should be a real primitive civilized society-Hua Xu country; The Kingdom of Hua Xu should have an ancestor-Hua Xushi ethnic group; Hua Xushi ethnic group should have a leader-Hua Xushi, a tribal group in the middle and late matriarchal society, whose activities range from Lishan to Lantian.

Hua Xu's life achievements are embodied in the "Lantian County Records Ximu Temple Monument";

"The enlightenment, gossip, the source of the six books and the word Zhao, cadres recorded as calendar as calendar, the system of positive surname as marriage father, considering the people's system, the dragon and the dragon's name are divided into two periods, and the people don't know how to eat, so they build a network to raise, store, teach and cook, making it a reality. Tai Hao and Nu Wa were successful for a while, so we should not forget virtue. We should not forget the reasons for virtue first, nor should we forget virtue first. "

In Qiao Zao Confucius Temple Ritual Monument, there is a similar record:

"But long live two years, tsing lung sigh, the spirit of frost and moon, the day of the emperor. The Korean army in Nanking, Luxianghe, pursued Taikoo, and Hua Xu gave birth to a male emperor and raised Kong Bao. They all made Yuan Dao, but the hundred kings didn't change it ... The emperor drama unified Hua Xu and inherited heaven to draw hexagrams. Yan Yukong sang, and Confucius was a Yuan Xiao. His ancestors went to the Purple Palace and he was a freshman. "

Hua Xu and his descendants Fuxi, Nuwa and their descendants * * * created splendid Hua Xu culture. Hua Xu culture embodies the same origin and blood relationship of the Chinese nation, so Hua Xu culture is the source of Chinese culture.

The main contributions of Hua Xu culture to human history and culture are: "the ceremony of making marriage", which made the ancient people gradually get rid of the state of disorderly marriage and group marriage; "Making nets to teach fishing and hunting" invented fishing net hunting and became the source of animal husbandry culture; "Make a book to tie the knot", in simple words; "Fuxi sitting on the altar and listening to the spirit of all directions is to draw eight diagrams", which began human beings to understand nature from the law and was gradually developed into the Book of Changes by the descendants of the Yellow Emperor; "Nu Wa Sheng Chun" produced the earliest musical instrument of mankind and became the origin of China music.