(1) Why can't human beings establish immigration bases on other planets?

1. Gravity: There is no gravity in space, which causes many problems in human body, such as osteoporosis and muscle atrophy. In order to solve this problem, scientists have developed many methods, such as using artificial gravity wheels and artificial gravity. At present, some space exploration missions have begun to adopt these methods, but further research and experiments are still needed.

2. Radiation: Radiation in space is harmful to human health. Long-term exposure to space radiation can lead to cancer, genetic variation and other problems. In order to protect astronauts from radiation hazards, scientists have studied many protection methods, such as using special materials and building underground dwellings. However, these methods need further research and experiments.

3. Climate: The climatic conditions in space are very bad. For example, the temperature in space changes greatly, and the temperature difference from extremely hot to extremely cold will cause many equipment damage. In addition, there are some dangerous factors in space, such as solar storms and meteorite shower. In order to solve these problems, scientists have studied many design schemes of space living environment, and constantly improved them in practice.

4. Replenishment: Space is short of water, oxygen, food and other necessary life resources. In order to realize spatial migration, it is necessary to establish a sustainable ecosystem and solve these problems through recycling and self-sufficiency. At present, some scientists have begun to explore the scheme of using solar energy, water, carbon dioxide and other resources to establish an ecosystem, and have made some progress.