What was the reason for Britain's invasion of Tibet?

Britain launched two wars of aggression against Tibet in 1884 and 1903 respectively, so do you know about the British wars of aggression against Tibet? The following is the reason why Britain invaded Tibet for you. I hope I can help you.

Reasons for Britain's invasion of Tibet

Tibet has been an inalienable part of China since ancient times. Since modern times, with the gradual intensification of imperialist aggression against China and the decline of the Qing government, Tibet has also been invaded by the British Empire.

India has a special position in the British colony. In order to ensure the long-term and stable economic interests in the South Asian subcontinent, the British put forward the strategic concept of "guarding India's security", including three buffer zones, two concentric circles and an inner lake. Tibet under British rule is one of these three buffer zones. 1865, Britain incorporated Bhutan into the British colonial sphere of influence. The eyeing British army is only a stone's throw from Tibet.

At this time, Russia was actively pursuing the strategy of going south to the Indian Ocean, and its aggression was directed at the northwest and southwest regions of China.

Russia's actions pose a certain threat to Britain's ambition to invade Tibet. The British couldn't wait to find the opportunity to enter Tibet, and the "Ma Jiali Incident" happened at this time just provided the opportunity. 1874, British officer Braun led an armed "expedition" of nearly 200 people from Myanmar to explore the route to the mainland in Yunnan, China. The British Embassy in China sent an interpreter, Ma Jiali, to meet him. On February 2 1875 and February 2 1, an armed exploration team clashed with Jingpo people in Manyun Shanzhai, Tengchong, and Ma Jiali shot and killed many people. Angry mountaineers killed Ma Jiali and his entourage and drove the expedition back to Myanmar.

Afterwards, Britain immediately put strong pressure on the Qing government. 1September 876 13, Li Hongzhang was forced to sign the Yantai Treaty and the Special Provisions on Exploring the Road to Tibet with the British Minister Wade. In addition to "compensation" and "apology", the British are also allowed to open up India-Tibet transportation.

The background of British invasion of Tibet

/kloc-The 20th century and the early 20th century were the heyday of the British Empire. Attaching great importance to India, the "brightest pearl in the crown" and Britain's "vegetable basket", British strategists gradually put forward the strategic concept of "three buffer zones, two concentric circles and an inner lake" according to India's geographical characteristics and surrounding environment to safeguard India's security. Among the three "buffer zones", the first is "Tibet under British administration to ensure that India is not threatened by China"; The second is the Indian Ocean, which makes "the countries along the Indian Ocean under British control"; The third is "Afghanistan, which blocked czarist Russia." (1) two concentric circles refer to the inner circle: the tribal area on the northwest border of India? Nepal? Sikkim? Bhutan? Assam? Tribal areas on the northeast border of India; Outer circle: Persian Gulf Emirates? Persia? Afghanistan? Tibet? Thailand. The inner lake is the Indian Ocean controlled by Britain.

From this strategic thinking, Britain must invade the Himalayan countries from India to the north, and then invade Tibet. At this time, Russia also coveted Xinjiang in an attempt to further compete with Britain for Tibet. However, Russia's threat of aggression against China and Tibet is far less serious and direct than that of Britain, and its main way is political win-over.

According to its established policy of invading from India to the north, Britain leased Darjeeling from Sikkim in 1835 as the "summer resort" of the East India Company. Since then, Britain has a foothold in the Himalayas. 1846, Britain annexed Jammu in northwest India. After Kashmir, it quietly invaded Ladakh, which originally belonged to China and Tibet. 1860, the British army attacked Sikkim, 186 1 year, imprisoned King Sikkim, forced him to sign the Anglo-Sikkim Treaty, and occupied many lands in Sikkim. From 65438 to 0860, Britain signed a treaty with Nepal, which further strengthened its control over Nepal. 1864, the British army attacked Bhutan, 1865, forced the defeated Bhutan to sign a treaty with it and seized a large area of Bhutan. Since then, Britain invaded Tibet with Sikkim as a springboard, built roads in Sikkim on a large scale, and pushed northward step by step, in order to gradually realize the strategic intention of "Tibet belongs to Britain and ensure that India is not threatened by China".

The result and influence of British invasion of Tibet.

Through two wars of aggression against Tibet, the British Empire seized all kinds of privileges in Tibet, which provided conditions for Britain to engage in separatist activities in Tibet later, and at the same time created a serious border crisis for China, laying the groundwork for future border disputes between China and India. Although the late Qing government was unable to compete with Britain, the strong stimulus prompted the Qing government to take a series of measures to rapidly develop Tibet, which laid the foundation for the development of Tibetan society.

People in Xizang's heroic act of fighting to the death with the British army dealt a blow to the arrogance of the invaders. People in Xizang's indomitable spirit of struggle in the face of strong enemy invasion will always be engraved in the history of the Chinese nation.

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