Why did the British Parliament promulgate the "Quebec Act"? What does the "Quebec Act" contain?

The Quebec Act was an act enacted by the British Parliament in 1774 to strengthen the rule of the Canadian province of Quebec. The treaty increased Canada's loyalty to Britain, and many people supported the British monarch becoming the monarch of Canada.

In 1763, after the Seven Years' War between Britain and France, Britain replaced France as the ruler of the North American colonies. On October 7 of the same year, the British issued a royal proclamation, stipulating the establishment of the Province of Quebec on the basis of the original St. Lawrence River Colony, and determining the boundaries of the province; extending from the Great Lakes region in the west to the western and southwest Ohio River Basin in the southwest. It is designated as an Indian inhabited area and immigration to the area is temporarily prohibited; it also stipulates that Quebec should convene a parliament, implement the British representative system, replace French law with British law, and encourage British people and residents of the thirteen British North American states to immigrate to the new area, etc. . But the royal proclamation failed to be implemented in Quebec.

Forced by the development of the independence movement in the thirteen states of British North America, the colonial governor G. Carleton advocated the implementation of a policy of appeasement for the French residents of the province and the retention of the original system and traditions to a certain extent. Under his influence, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act in 1774, replacing the Royal Proclamation.

The main content of the "Quebec Act" is to cancel the provisions on establishing a representative system in Quebec and establish a governor and administrative committee. The committee is appointed by the British royal family and has 17 to 23 members. The Governor-General and the Executive Council have legislative power; Quebec implements French civil law and British criminal law; the Catholic Church is officially recognized and can freely preach and collect tithes; French and English are recognized as official languages, etc. Under additional provisions of the Act, the area between the Ohio and Mississippi rivers was placed under the jurisdiction of the Governor-General of Quebec, expanding the territorial scope of the province. The "Quebec Act" made compromises for French Canadians in all aspects of politics, law, and religion, eased the hostility of French residents towards British colonists, and was conducive to maintaining British colonial rule.