Who are the Spaniards? What is the detailed history of Spain?

The main ethnic group in Spain is the Castilians, who account for more than 70% of the total population. Catalans, Galicians and Basques are the three most important of Spain's 20 ethnic minorities. 1. National Origin and Early History The Iberian Peninsula has been inhabited since 800,000 years ago. It is speculated that Africans may have crossed the Strait of Gibraltar in pursuit of game or hunters from other parts of Europe crossed the Pyrenees and settled here. The earliest indigenous inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula were the Iberians. The world-famous rock paintings left in the Aldamira Cave in northern Spain vividly record the living conditions of primitive people. The bison, deer, wild horses, etc. are brightly colored and lifelike. Beginning around 3000 BC, foreign peoples began to immigrate to the Iberian Peninsula on a large scale. In the sixth century BC, the Celts came to the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberians and Celts intermarried and merged with each other, resulting in the later Sertiberians. Around the eleventh century BC, the Phoenicians established trade relations with Spain. The Phoenicians founded the city of Cadiz; in order to further develop the resources of the peninsula, the Phoenicians established permanent settlements along the Mediterranean coast. The Phoenicians were peaceful people and engaged in business activities in the Iberian Peninsula. They taught the local residents how to use currency, mine and smelt metals, and weave cloth. In the seventh century BC, Greek traders began to settle on the Mediterranean coast of Spain and introduced grapes and olives to the Iberian Peninsula. In the 6th century BC, the Phoenicians united with the Cartagos to fight against the Seltiberians, and later the Cartagos became the masters of the peninsula. In 218 BC, the Romans invaded Spain. In 206 BC the Romans expelled the Cartago people from the Iberian Peninsula. The Romans encountered heroic resistance in the process of conquering the Sertibrians, and it was not until 19 BC that the Romans completely conquered the entire peninsula. After that, Spain became a province of the Roman Empire for 500 years. Roman rule had a profound impact on Spanish history, economy, culture, and society. The Romans intermarried with the local Sertiberians, thus giving birth to Roman Spaniards. The Romans brought language, laws, customs, etc., and Spain was completely "Latinized". The Romans established many new towns (such as Seville, Cordoba, Salamanca, Toledo, Zaragoza, etc.) and built a large number of roads, sewers, public bathhouses, Town halls, Colosseums, amphitheaters, bridges, aqueducts, etc. Under the rule of the Romans, the living standards of the locals improved significantly, and the Iberian Peninsula became an important trading area. Precious minerals, cheap wine, and high-quality olive oil were sold all over the world. Generally speaking, Roman rule brought four social foundations to Spain: Latin language, Roman law, municipal system, and Christian faith.