What is the relationship between the change of surname distribution in a certain area and population migration?

In the study of population migration, China surnames have unique advantages. On the one hand, China is the first country in the world to use surnames. Due to the influence of Confucian culture, China people generally don't change their surnames, which makes the spread of surnames in China very stable and reliable. On the other hand, China, with its vast territory, rich administrative divisions and good spatial resolution, is particularly suitable for combining surname distribution with geographical information to study the related issues of population migration.

Based on the distribution of surnames, we can discuss many issues related to population migration, such as large-scale migration events, the influence of geographical isolation on group structure, and the calculation of population migration rate. Using social statistics research methods such as system analysis, index analysis, cluster analysis and factor analysis with different spatial scales provides a new perspective for studying population migration.

Surname distribution and large-scale population migration

Large-scale population migration will increase the diversity of surnames in the places of immigration, resulting in a high degree of similarity in the distribution of surnames in the places of immigration and emigration. Therefore, by investigating the distribution characteristics of surnames in different regions, we can judge which regions have experienced large-scale population migration, thus providing evidence for the population migration events recorded in historical materials. Based on the surname data of 65.438+0.28 billion people in China, this paper analyzes some large-scale population migration events in the history of China according to the same surname rate and surname distance.

The concept of the same surname rate was first put forward by Darwin to estimate the proportion of consanguineous marriage, which means the probability that two people are randomly selected in an area and they have the same surname. Obviously, the more surnames there are in a region, the more average the number of people in each surname, and the smaller the ratio of sharing surnames, which shows that the surnames in this region are very good and are likely to be places where people move in. Comparing different areas in China, we can find that the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have low rates of sharing surnames and many kinds of surnames, which is consistent with the historical fact that a large number of immigrants moved from the Yellow River valley to the Yangtze River valley in the Northern Song and Southern Song Dynasties. On the contrary, in some isolated minority areas, gene drift plays a leading role, resulting in a single surname. For example, in Guanghe County, Gansu Province, there are 6.5438+0.7 million people with the same surname, and the rate of sharing the same surname is very high. Jiayuguan, Qujing and other cities, which are also inhabited by ethnic minorities, have attracted a large number of migrants because they used to be the centers of material and cultural exchanges in history, and the sharing rate of surnames is lower than that of ordinary cities.

Surname distance is obtained on the basis of the same surname rate in different regions, which reflects the similarity of surname ratio in different regions. The higher the similarity, the smaller the surname distance, indicating that there may be population migration between the two places. At the provincial level, through cluster analysis, it is found that although the three northeastern provinces and Shandong are separated from Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei provinces, the surname distance is the smallest, which reflects the phenomenon of social migration. Surname distance can also examine the migration phenomenon between cities. For example, Shihezi in Xinjiang is far from many cities in the Central Plains. This is because most of the population of Shihezi comes from Henan, Anhui, Shaanxi, Jiangsu and other places.