The true history of the formation of our Han nationality

Han nationality is the main ethnic group in China and the most populous ethnic group in the world. At present, the population of Han nationality is about 65.438+03 billion, accounting for 654.38+09% of the world's total population, which is distributed all over the world. The Han nationality is distributed in Southeast Asia and North America, in addition to the four places on both sides of the Taiwan Straits.

history

From about 5000 BC, the Huaxia nationality, the main body of the Han nationality, originated in the Yellow River valley and began to develop gradually. It entered the Neolithic Age and went through the stages of matriarchal clan commune and paternal clan commune. In 2700 BC, there was a tribe named Ji in central Shaanxi, whose leader was Huangdi, and there was a tribe named Jiang in the south, whose leader was. Friction often occurs between the two sides. The battle of Han Quan finally broke out between the two tribes, and the Yellow Emperor defeated Yan Di. After that, the two tribes formed an alliance and captured the surrounding tribes, and the predecessor of Huaxia Kingdom was born.

Around 2000 BC, the Xia Dynasty was founded in Qi, the Shang Dynasty in 1766 and the Zhou Dynasty in 1 122. Since the Zhou Dynasty, various ethnic groups and tribes in China have been continuously integrated, and their activities have gradually expanded from the Yellow River basin to the Huaihe River, Surabaya River, Yangtze River and Hanshui River basins. During this period, Huaxia nationality gradually formed and became the predecessor of modern Han nationality, which was different from many ethnic groups such as Yi, Man, Rong and Di, but at this time the distinction between Hua and Yi was not very strict.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Huaxia people further integrated with the surrounding ethnic groups, and countries such as Qin and Chu, which originally excluded the Huaxia people, were gradually accepted. During the Warring States Period, the vassal states of China fought against each other, and the Yi, Man, Rong and Di who entered the Central Plains gradually merged with the Huaxia nationality, forming a relatively stable nation. At this time, the activity area of Huaxia nationality also expanded to the middle and lower reaches of Liaohe River, Taohe River Basin, Sichuan Basin, Jiangnan area and other places.

Qin Shihuang unified China and established the Qin Dynasty, followed by the Han Dynasty, which ruled China for more than 400 years. During this period, the territory of China expanded unprecedentedly, with Huaxia nationality in the pre-Qin period as the core and subject, and other nationalities in the Han Dynasty were sinicized, forming the Han nationality. At this time, the distribution of Han population is still concentrated in the Yellow River and Huaihe River basins. From the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Han population gradually migrated to the Yangtze River, the Pearl River and the southeast of China. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the population of Han people in the south had surpassed that in the north, and Manchu banned Han people from going out to the northeast. In the late Qing Dynasty, in order to enrich the frontier and allow Han Chinese to enter the Northeast, a large number of Shandong Han Chinese were introduced during Zhang's rule in the Northeast. From the Ming Dynasty, the Han nationality began to immigrate to Southeast Asia sporadically, and from the19th century, the Han nationality immigrated to Europe, North America and other places.

Be distributed

More than 99% of the Han population is located in Greater China. In Chinese mainland, the Han population accounts for 92% of the total population, which is distributed in various provinces. The Han nationality accounts for 98% of the total population in Taiwan Province Province. In Hong Kong and Macau, the Han nationality accounts for 95% and 97% of the total population respectively.

Percentage of population in the region

Chinese mainland 1, 20 1, 809,000 (2005) 92%.

Taiwan Province Province 22.436 million (2005) 98%

Hong Kong 6.554 million (2005) 95%

Macau 462,000 (2005) 97%

Total 1, 23 1, 26 1, 000.

Han nationality is also the main ethnic group in Singapore, Christmas Island (Australia) and Penang (Malaysia), accounting for 77%, 70% and 56% of the total population respectively. At the same time, it is also one of the important ethnic groups in many countries.

Percentage of population in mainland China/country and percentage of overseas Han population.

Asia 28800000 (1998) 81%

Cambodia 150000(2003)

Indonesia 7.3 million (2003)

Japan 175000(2003)

North Korea 50,000 (2003) 0.2%

Korea 100000(2003)

Laos 50 000(2003) 65 438+0%

Malaysia 7 million (2004) 30%

Myanmar 65,438+300,000 (2003) 3%

the Philippines

Singapore 3.4 million (2004) 76.8%

Thailand 7.3 million (2003)

Vietnam 2.3 million (2003) 3%

North America 5.02 million (1998) 14.5%

Canada 65438+200,000 (2004) 3.69%

$2.4 million (2000)

Europe 945,000 (1998) 2.6%

Russia 680,000

France 300,000

British 247403 (200 1)

Oceania 564000( 1998) 1.5%

Australia 454,000 (2003) 2.5%

New Zealand 1 15000(2003)

Africa 126000( 1998)0.3%

South Africa 100000(2003)

Total 35,175,000100%

culture

language

The language of the Han nationality is Chinese, which is written in Chinese characters. Chinese belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family. According to the classification methods commonly used in academic circles, it can be divided into Northern Dialect (Mandarin), Wu Dialect, Xiang Dialect, Gan Dialect, Hakka Dialect, Min Dialect and Cantonese (see Chinese Dialect for various classification methods). In different areas where Han people live, the provisions of standard Chinese are different. Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province Province and Singapore are regarded as standard Putonghua (languages developed on the basis of Beijing dialect in Putonghua areas are called Putonghua, Mandarin and Mandarin respectively due to different locations), and Hong Kong is regarded as standard Cantonese (Cantonese). Chinese can be written in traditional Chinese (also called standard Chinese) and simplified Chinese.

prescribe a diet

The staple food of Han nationality is rice and wheat, supplemented by vegetables, meat and bean products. Tea and wine are traditional drinks of the Han nationality. The main way to eat rice is rice, as well as porridge, rice noodles, rice cakes, glutinous rice balls, zongzi, rice cakes and other foods. Wheat is eaten with steamed bread, noodles, flower rolls, steamed stuffed buns, jiaozi, wonton, fried dough sticks, spring rolls, fried cakes and pancakes. Han people pay attention to and are good at cooking. Han people in different regions have formed different local flavors through cooking methods such as frying, roasting, frying, boiling, steaming, roasting and cold salad. Chinese cuisine is generally divided into eight major cuisines: Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Anhui, Shandong, Hunan, Zhejiang and Jiangsu.

Dress

Han nationality's own national costume is one of the oldest in the world, which lasted from the legendary Yellow Emperor to 1644 when the Qing army entered the customs. 1645, the Qing dynasty ordered the whole country to shave and change clothes, and since then, the old man's clothes have basically disappeared. In the following 300 years, the Han people were forced to accept the clothes that originally belonged to Manchu and became the national costume in the eyes of some modern Han people.

traditional festival

Description of the name and date of the festival

The first day of the first lunar month of the Spring Festival is usually called China New Year. Traditionally, it lasts from the New Year's Eve at the end of the year and the first day of the first lunar month to the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month (eating Yuanxiao, glutinous rice balls and enjoying lanterns).

On April 5th in the Gregorian calendar, Tomb-Sweeping Day worships ancestors and sweeps graves.

The Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang Festival, is on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, with the theme of eating zongzi and rowing dragon boats.

The seventh day of the seventh lunar month is also called the week, which is the day when China's love story, Valentine's Day, and the mythical bridge meet.

The Mid-Autumn Festival on July 15th of the lunar calendar, also known as Magnolia Festival, is commonly known as July 30th, Ghost Festival, and there are folk customs such as offering sacrifices to souls.

Mid-Autumn Festival: A family reunion festival on August 15 of the lunar calendar, with the theme of enjoying the moon and eating moon cakes.

The Double Ninth Festival is the ninth day of the ninth lunar month to respect the elderly, and there are many other themes.