In what year did the disintegration of the former Soviet Union take place? What is the reason?

The Soviet Union disintegrated on199165438+February 25th.

Since 199 1, many people in political circles and academic circles at home and abroad have investigated and studied the causes, influences and consequences of the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe from various angles, and published a large number of books and papers. Generally speaking, there are mainly the following viewpoints: in theory, Marxism is dogmatic, intellectuals have no freedom to express their opinions, their thoughts are rigid, and copying is divorced from the national conditions.

In the political field, a highly centralized political system has been implemented for a long time, the construction of socialist democracy and legal system has been neglected, bureaucracy is prevalent, and it is seriously divorced from the masses; In terms of economic development, the planned economic system dominates the whole country, the economic structure is seriously unbalanced, the heavy industry, especially the national defense industry, develops unilaterally, the income distribution is egalitarian for a long time, and the improvement of people's lives is very slow.

In foreign relations, they engage in hegemonism of big countries, interfere in the internal affairs of other socialist countries, expand their forces in an all-round way to prepare for war, compete with the United States for hegemony, consume and weaken their own strength, and so on. Due to ideological reasons, the Soviet Union did not recognize private property and did not respect and protect all private property and civil rights, which violated the development trend of international historical civilization.

As for the reasons for the failure of the reform, Gorbachev summarized it as two points in 20 15:

1, it started too late. By the time he came to power and started substantive reform, it was too late for the Soviet model.

2. Eager for success, after the reform he promoted began, a series of measures were introduced, which caused the intensification of social contradictions. At that time, Soviet society did not make corresponding preparations.

Extended data

1992, Gaidar, who briefly served as Russian prime minister, once said: "The Soviet Union has no money"! According to his memory, the Soviet government had no money at that time and went to the bank to withdraw their deposits without the consent of depositors. Of course, Gorbachev's foreign exchange for writing books is also among them. Because the Soviet Union did not have enough foreign exchange, it printed a lot of money. This situation is bound to be related to corruption.

According to ryzhkov, in his book, the privileges of Soviet cadres were too serious and lasted for a long time. After World War II, a privileged class was formed, which enjoyed vested interests and formed a vested interest group. Khrushchev tried to correct privileged corruption, but ultimately failed.

In fact, Khrushchev was ousted by those who were unwilling to give up the privilege of corruption, so with the support of the privileged class, Brezhnev came again. After Brezhnev came to power, although he caught up with the great development period of the Soviet Union, he also created a favorable environment for the corruption of cadres at all levels.

So in the Brezhnev era, a huge bureaucratic group was formed. These groups climb relatives, marry each other, establish various contacts and protect their inherent interests. Therefore, Soviet officials are getting farther and farther away from the people.

After Gorbachev took office, he also realized the problem of privilege, but he did not start with the cadre team like Khrushchev, but with economic reform. Gorbachev's liberalized economic reform not only failed to eliminate corruption, but also combined privilege with economy, leading to greater corruption.

Just like the famous "* * * green economy" in Soviet history, it was under Gorbachev's economic reform that large companies with shareholders were formed. Some officials, D-members and T-members became entrepreneurs, and some became oligarchs overnight.

It is no wonder that under this privileged corruption, when Yeltsin forced Gorbachev to step down after the "8. 19" incident, Gorbachev did not care about the fate of the country, but cared about his house, car, guards and many other benefits.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, there was a saying among Russian people: "Su G was the only D who made a fortune at his funeral". This sentence brilliantly summarizes the serious problem of privileged corruption in the Soviet era. It can be seen that in the face of national interests, officials of the privileged class in the Soviet Union do not care about national security, but care about personal wealth and future life.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Soviet Union Disintegration