Where is Brazil?

To be exact, most of it should be tropical.

General situation of Brazil

Federative Republic of Brazil (Federative Republic of Brazil; Republica Federativa do Brasil), covering an area of 8,547,403 square kilometers, is located in the southeast of South America and borders all South American countries except Chile and Ecuador. It borders French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela and Colombia in the north, Peru and Bolivia in the west, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay in the south and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. Its land area accounts for about 46% of the total area of South America, second only to Russian, Canadian, China and the United States, and it is the fifth largest country in the world. The whole territory is divided into Amazon Plain, Paraguay Basin, Brazil Plateau and Guyana Plateau, of which Amazon Plain accounts for about 1/3 of the national area. There are three river systems: Amazon River, parana river River and San Francisco River. The total length of the Amazon River is 67,565,438+0 km, which traverses the northwest of Brazil and covers an area of 3.9 million square kilometers in the Brazilian basin. The parana river system includes the parana river and Paraguay rivers, which flow through the southwest, with many rapids and waterfalls, and are rich in hydraulic resources; The San Francisco water system, with a total length of 2,900 kilometers, flows through the arid northeast and is the main irrigation water source in this area. The coastline is more than 7,400 kilometers long, and the width of the territorial sea is 12 nautical miles, leading to the overseas exclusive economic zone 188 nautical miles.

Most areas have a tropical climate, while some areas in the south have a subtropical climate. The average annual temperature in the Amazon plain is 25 ~ 27 degrees, and the average annual temperature in the southern region is 16 ~ 19 degrees.

In 2000, the population was 654.38+697.99 million, ranking first in Latin America and fifth in the world. Urban population accounts for 8 1.25%, rural population accounts for 18.75%, and the average life expectancy is 68.8 years. White people account for 54.38%, mulatto people account for 39.88%, black people account for 5.2 1%, yellow people account for 0.39%, and Indians account for 0. 14%. Indians are indigenous peoples in Brazil, with 350,000 people belonging to 227 nationalities, speaking 65,438+075 different languages and living in 5,665,438+0 Indian reservations established by the state.

Brazil was once ruled by Portugal, which was the official language. However, Brazilian Portuguese is deeply influenced by Indian and African languages, and even some place names and animal and plant names follow African dialects. So the Portuguese dictionary is of little use in Brazil, because Portuguese is very different from its birthplace in Brazil. Brazilians usually know basic Spanish, but English is not common.

The national flag is a green rectangle with a yellow diamond in the middle and a brown circle in the middle. The circle is a celestial globe, and the white ribbon says "order and progress" in Portuguese. There are white five-color stars on the celestial globe, symbolizing the 26 administrative regions of the country. Green and yellow are the national colors of Brazil. Green symbolizes forest, and yellow symbolizes mineral deposits and resources.

The central pattern of the national emblem is a five-pointed star. There are two concentric circles in the center of the pentagram, and there are five pentagrams in the center of the small circle, symbolizing the Southern Cross. There are 22 five-pointed stars around the Great Circle, symbolizing the states and the Federal District. The outer edge is a circle composed of coffee leaves and tobacco leaves. There is a sword in the middle below. At the bottom is a ribbon, and the book reads "Brazil Federated States and the Republic of China1889165438+1October 15" in Portuguese. This day is the day when People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded. The national flower is crab claw orchid. The first national anthem after Brazil's independence was written by Pedro I, who was gifted in music. 1On September 7th, 822, Brazil declared its independence. He composed the song "Motherland, Emperor and People" and personally sang it at the patriotic rally in Sao Paulo that night, accompanied by a chorus. This song became the first national anthem of Brazil. After Pedro I abdicated, Francisco, the founder and famous musician of the National Conservatory of Music in Rio de Janeiro? Da Silva wrote a song that later became the national anthem of Brazil. 1909 The famous poet Orisso? Duke? Rewritten by Estrada, examined by the expert committee, 1922 was designated as the national anthem of Brazil. Memories of the national anthem "Listen to the Voice of Piranga"1On September 7, 822, Pedro I issued "Give me independence or give me death!" The scene of the call praised the independence of the motherland and was full of Brazilian people's love for the motherland.

1500 April 22, Portuguese navigator Pedro? Cabral arrives in Brazil. He named the land "Holy Cross" and declared that it belonged to Portugal. Since the plunder of Portuguese colonists began with the felling of Brazilian redwoods, the word "Brasil" gradually replaced "Holy Cross" and became the name of Brazil, which is still in use today, and its Chinese transliteration is "Brazil". In 1930s, a Portuguese expedition established a colony in Pakistan, and 1549 appointed a governor. 1807 Napoleon invaded Portugal and the Portuguese royal family moved to Brazil. 1820, the Portuguese royal family moved back to Lisbon, and Prince Pedro Liuba served as Regent. 1822 On September 7th, it declared its complete independence from Portugal and established the Brazilian Empire. 1889165438+1October 15 General Fonseca staged a coup to overthrow the monarchy and establish the United States of Brazil. 1964 Pakistan military coup came to power, 1967 was renamed Brazil Federation. 1in March, 985, the military government returned to the people. 1989165438+1October15th, Pakistan held its first national direct election in nearly 30 years, Fernando? Collor was elected president. 199212 On February 29th, President Collor was forced to resign on suspicion of taking bribes, and Vice President itamar? Franco took over as president today. 1994101October 3rd Fernando? Enrique? Cardoso won the national election and became the 38th president of Brazil on June 1 995+1October1. 1998101October 4th, Cardoso was re-elected. 1 999,65438+1October,1,and Kaka became the 39th president of Pakistan. His term of office ended in 65438+February 2002, 3 1.

There have been several major waves of migration in Pakistan's history. From 1884 to 1962, more than 4.97 million immigrants moved to Brazil, mainly from Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Poland and Arab countries. Most yellow people come from Japan, South Korea and China. There are 6.5438+0.3 million Japanese and 250,000 China people in Pakistan, mainly concentrated in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

The whole country is divided into 26 states and 1 federal district (Brasilia Federal District). The state has jurisdiction over 5,507 cities, with 79 people 1.5 million, 1.2 people 1.0 million (1.999). The state names are as follows: Acre, Ala goias, Amazon, Amapa, Bahia, Ceara, San Espiritu, goias, maranhao, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Barra, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Pio, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro and Rio de Janeiro.

Brazil has the most perfect industrial system in Latin America and its economic strength ranks first in Latin America. Historically, Pakistan was once a country with a single agricultural economy, and sugar and coffee were its main cash crops. At the beginning of the 20th century, Brazil began the process of industrialization. Since 1950s, Brazil has implemented the "import substitution" economic model, relying on a large number of foreign debts to achieve economic take-off. Among them, the average annual economic growth rate of 1967- 1974 reached 1%, creating a "Brazilian miracle" and initially establishing a relatively complete industrial system. In the next 20 years, Pakistan suffered from foreign debt and inflation, and its economic development stagnated. 1In July 1994, Brazil launched the "Real Plan", which successfully controlled hyperinflation and made the economy grow steadily. However, the financial and current account problems in twin deficits are becoming more and more serious, and the dependence on foreign capital is deepening sharply. Under the impact of the financial crisis in Southeast Asia and Russia, Pakistan was forced to adopt a floating exchange rate system in early 1999. The real depreciated sharply against the dollar. As the Pakistani government has implemented strict fiscal adjustment measures to increase revenue and reduce expenditure, Pakistan's economy has quickly embarked on the road of recovery. In 2000, the economic growth reached 4.46%, and inflation was basically controlled. In 200 1 year, affected by the global economic downturn, the Argentine economic crisis and the domestic power crisis, Pakistan's economic growth rate dropped to about 2-2.5%.

Second, the general situation of Sao Paulo (S? Sao Paulo)

Founded in 1554, S? o Paulo is the largest city in Brazil and South America and the capital of S? o Paulo State, located in the southeast of the state. It is 760 meters above sea level, with an area of over 1500 square kilometers, three times that of Paris, and a population of over16 million. Sao Paulo has a pleasant climate. The climate and temperature change little in a year, but the temperature difference between morning and evening is large.

Bigger, there is a saying that "there are no four seasons in a year, and there are four seasons in a day". The seasons in Brazil are opposite to those in China. From February 65438 to February of the following year, it is summer in Sao Paulo, which is rainy, but the highest temperature is about 30 degrees. June-August is winter in Sao Paulo every year, and the average temperature is around 16-20 degrees.

Sao Paulo is the largest industrial, financial and cultural center in China. About half of the country's industrial production categories are concentrated here, and the industrial output value accounts for about half of the national output value. Three fifths of the largest 500 companies in China are headquartered here. There are 3,000 financial institutions in Sao Paulo, 1, more than 300 banks, and Santos is the largest coffee export port in the world. At the same time, there are dozens of colleges and universities such as the famous University of S? o Paulo and Medical University, 6 TV stations, more than 270 newspapers and magazines, and the National Library with millions of books. The wealth created by Sao Paulo every year is higher than the annual gross national product of1/four countries in the world.

Sao Paulo is a modern city, which has been changing and updating at a dazzling speed for more than 400 years. Many overpasses, subway lines, ring expressway and helicopter companies make the traffic very convenient. The business district of Sao Paulo is mainly concentrated in paulista Avenue and Plaza (Pra? A Republic). Mainly selling some handicrafts, gems and antiques. China signs, China restaurants and shops selling China goods can be seen everywhere in Libertad.

Main tourist attractions in Sao Paulo:

1.Catedral Metropolis: The largest cathedral in South America, completed in 1954, is a towering Gothic building with magnificent momentum, surrounded by a pedestrian plaza and one of the shopping areas.

2. Ibirapuera Park: Located in the southern suburb of S? o Paulo, it covers an area of 6.5438+0.6 million square meters, with artificial lakes, group sculptures and numerous museums. It is one of the famous big parks in the world.

3.Liberdade: Many Korean nationals living in China have a distinct oriental cultural atmosphere, and there are many restaurants, shops and travel agencies run by China people.

Three. Overview of Brasilia (Brasilia)

Brasilia is located in the middle of the Brazilian Plateau, and its climate is divided into two seasons, namely, the dry season from September to April and the dry season from May to August. The wet and dry seasons are obvious, and the temperature difference between morning and evening is also large. The annual average temperature is 19 degrees. The population is 265,438+10,000.

Brasilia was built on the plateau at an altitude of 1000 meters in Goias, Brazil in the late 1950s. 1960, the capital officially moved here from the old capital Rio de Janeiro.

The city was built according to the "Aircraft Master Plan" of the famous Brazilian architect Lucio Cospe. By damming the river and building an artificial lake, the whole city is like a giant jet plane with its head held high, which means Brazil is flying against the rising sun.

"Nose" is the party of the three powers, where parliament, court and presidential palace are located; The fuselage is an east-west main road with a length of 8 kilometers and a width of 250 meters. The "front warehouse" is the square of government ministries and commissions, and the office buildings of these ministries are arranged on both sides. The "back warehouse" is the cultural and educational area, sports city, national theater, TV tower and other buildings. "Wei" is an industrial zone serving the capital; The "two wings" are overpasses and residential areas along artificial lakes. Square of the three powers is the core of the capital of Brazil. Its parliament building stands side by side with two 28-story buildings, which are connected by an H-shaped aisle in the middle. H is the first letter of "people" in Portuguese, meaning the legislative purpose of "all for the people".

There are two huge bowl-shaped strange buildings on the platforms on both sides of the building. On the right side of the House of Representatives building is a "big bowl" facing the sky, symbolizing "accepting public opinion"; On the left side of the Senate building is an inverted "big bowl", which symbolizes "public opinion concentration". Below the "bowl" are the conference halls of the two houses, as well as ancillary buildings such as restaurants, shops and garages.

Main tourist attractions in Brasilia:

1) square of the three powers: one of the landmark buildings in Brazil and one of the must-see tourist attractions in Brazil. There are many buildings around the square, such as Congress, Senate, National Grand Court, Presidential Palace, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, National National Independence Memorial Hall, Workers' Monument and so on. The biweekly flag-raising ceremony often attracts many tourists.

2) Presidential Memorial Hall: Located in the middle of the "airplane", the statue of President JK faces the Parliament Building, and the memorial coffin of the President and various historical relics left over from the construction period of Brasilia are displayed in the memorial hall.

3) Brasilia Cathedral: The Cathedral is a hyperboloid transparent building with a giant angel statue hanging from the top. Heads of state often hold some important activities here, and Pope Pedro II preached here when he visited Brazil.

Four. Overview of Rio de Janeiro Office (Rio de Janeiro)

Located in the southeast of Brazil, on the west bank of Guanabara Bay, which extends northward, there is a 14 km highway bridge connecting the city of Niteroi on the east coast. In June of 65,438+0,502, Portuguese colonists came to this bay, mistakenly thinking that it was the mouth of a big river, and casually named it "January River", which translated into "Rio de Janeiro". 46660.6666666666 1

After more than 400 years of development, Rio de Janeiro has become a mega-city, the industrial and commercial and financial center second only to S? o Paulo, and the largest foreign trade port alongside Santos Port, with the most famous museums in Brazil, the largest library in Latin America, the largest football field in the world, and the largest parks and botanical gardens in China.

Two bread-shaped peaks (Mount okuka) standing at the south entrance of Guanabara Bay are symbols of Rio de Janeiro. Take the cable car to the top of the mountain at an altitude of 395 meters, and when you look up, you will see the beautiful city of Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Bay with white sails shining; On the long beach by the bay, silver sand is dazzling, tourists are like ants, and sun umbrellas are blooming like flowers; The wide seaside avenue extends to the invisible end, cars are constantly shuttling, and modern buildings near the sea are dense. ......

Many Christian countries in the world have carnivals, but in terms of scale, number of participants, rich content and warm atmosphere, Brazil is the first to promote them, and Rio de Janeiro is the largest among major cities in Brazil. Every year in the middle and late February, Brazil will celebrate for three days and three nights. At that time, the streets of Rio de Janeiro will be decorated with lanterns, colorful flags and festive costumes everywhere. People appeared in the city and poured into the streets. Men, women and children are wearing heavy makeup, twisting their waists, waving their hands and dancing samba, as if to vent all the troubles and hardships accumulated in their hearts over the past year. All kinds of music, dance, drama performances and competitions come and go. The grand parade of costumes pushed the festival celebration to a climax, and large floats surrounded the elected "king" and "queen" to lead the way. In the vast team, the devil, angel, beauty, demon fairy, samurai, dignitaries, nobles, slaves and other grotesque costumes are dazzling; The audience cheered for their favorite characters and threw flowers and ribbons. The annual carnival vividly shows the enthusiastic national character of Brazilians.

Main tourist attractions in Rio de Janeiro:

1) Mount Jesus (Cordoba), named after the statue of Jesus, is 38 meters high and weighs 1200 tons, becoming a symbol of Brazil.

2) Rio Beach: A beach stretching for tens of kilometers from north to south has become one of the destinations that tourists all over the world yearn for, among which Copacabana and Ipanema are the most famous.