Sichuan is located in the southwest and should belong to the southern language family. Why is Southwest Mandarin usually classified as Northern Language Family?

Mainly because of the four population migrations in history, Sichuan dialect was influenced by the official language, so it was included in the northern language family.

1. For the first time, in 3 16 BC, Zhang Yi of Qin sent Sima Cuo's troops to attack Bashu, and Qin destroyed Shu. After that, Bashu people went south to South Vietnam. At the same time, a large number of people from the Central Plains moved to Sichuan, bringing with them a large number of northern dialects. Sichuan was also the exile of the Qin Dynasty. Lv Buwei was exiled to Shu by the Prince, which promoted the integration of the Central Plains and Sichuan.

2. The second time, the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty. The whole period of Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasty was the peak period of Bashu population inflow. Liu Bei, a native of Hebei, moved to Sichuan in large numbers from the civil servants and military commanders in Jingzhou to the military and civilians. Coupled with years of war and famine in Longxi, a large number of refugees fled to Sichuan for refuge. The whole Sichuan region has once again experienced ethnic integration and dialect changes.

3. The third time was in the Tang Dynasty, and it was recorded in the history books that "the well-dressed people in the Tang Dynasty avoided chaos in Shu". There were 365,438+0 surnames in Shu in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and 20 surnames moved to Shu Han in the Tang Dynasty, which shows that a large number of people moved to Sichuan in the Tang Dynasty. During his refuge in Sichuan, Tang Xizong conducted three large-scale imperial examinations in Sichuan, which promoted the communication between the Central Plains language and Sichuan language to some extent.

4. The fourth time is the famous "Huguang fills Sichuan". In the early Qing Dynasty, a large number of immigrants moved to Bashu, which was the last large-scale migration to Sichuan. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, the current Sichuan dialect was basically established, which marked the basic formation of the Sichuan dialect now heard.

Extended data:

Formation of Southwest Mandarin in Ming and Qing Dynasties and Large-scale Migration to Southwest China;

The Ming and Qing Dynasties were an important period for large-scale migration of Han people to Southwest China. In this migration process, due to the continuous influence and integration of languages or dialects, Southwest Mandarin gradually formed and finalized.

At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Huguang area was the main battlefield where the Red Scarf Army and the Yuan Dynasty army fought with Zhu Yuanzhang. As a result, the local population has dropped sharply, and the population has become sparse from south to north and from east to west. Therefore, during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, there appeared the immigration tide of "Jiangxi filling Huguang" and "Huguang filling Sichuan" for the first time. At the same time, Yunnan, Guizhou, northern Guangxi and other places have widely set up health clinics, and a large number of immigrants have moved in.

The records of southwest rhyme books in Ming Dynasty prove that southwest mandarin has been formed. In the early days of Han immigrants to the southwest, due to different specific sources, there was a situation of "five parties mixed up and each spoke his own words", so some rhyming books of "pronunciation" in Mandarin appeared in the local area. The contents of these rhymes and dictionaries in the southwest of Ming Dynasty belong to the Mandarin system.

During the reign of Shunzhi and Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, a large number of immigrants began to immigrate to Sichuan. Like the Ming Dynasty, the origin of Sichuan immigrants in the Qing Dynasty was still dominated by Huguang, which was the second time. After the Qing Dynasty, Han people began to enter areas (mostly mountainous areas) that were previously controlled and inhabited by ethnic minorities, mainly manifested in the spread of immigrants in the region.

The migration space in Qing Dynasty was distributed by points and lines along the main roads in Ming Dynasty, and a large number of them flowed to remote mountainous areas and ethnic inhabited areas. After the mid-Qianlong period, the population of Sichuan began to migrate to the surrounding areas. Among them, some moved to remote mountainous areas in the province.

As early as the Qing Dynasty, the Southwest Mandarin continued to expand and merged with the internal diffusion immigrants. Southwest Mandarin has formed a cohesive regional language group in southwest China, and it is still expanding outward with the migration of population because of its simple phonological advantages.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Southwest Mandarin