Huang Yao's Huang Yao

How did the name "Huang Yao" come from? This is a question that local residents and tourists are very interested in, because it involves the beginning of the history of the ancient town. On this issue, people have different legends:

According to legend, Huang Yao was the settlement of Zhuang and Yao in ancient times, and the earliest residents were Huang and Yao families. In the fourth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1052), Di Qing led his troops to the south to explore. His troops passed by Huang Yao and sent soldiers to explore the road. They learned that there were only two families, Huang and Yao, so they called it the Yellow Kiln. There is no Yao surname in the town, but Huang surname who moved in after the Qing Dynasty, not the original Huang surname.

The second argument is that the earliest residents of Huang Yao were Yao people surnamed Huang. They make a living by planting sweet potatoes, rice, mulberry trees and sericulture, and then pick agricultural products for sale in the countryside in the lower reaches of Yaojiang River. If someone asks, "Where did these things come from?" People will say that Yao people surnamed Huang picked it from above. After all, the Yao surnamed Huang became Huang Yao. At that time, it was said that the word "Yao" of the Yao nationality was discriminatory, and it was later changed to "Yao".

The third view is that Huang Yao was named after Yao Jiang. During the rainy season, the Yaojiang River flows like Huanglong, and later generations call this place Huangyao.

The fourth view is that Huang and Yao were immigrants who moved to other places in the early Ming Dynasty. Because there are many people, this place is called Huang Yao.

It seems difficult to explain the origin of the place name Huang Yao. It is possible to get a name by surname or nationality. According to folklore and genealogy records, before the middle of Ming Dynasty, Huang Yao had a Han nationality named Meng, Qiu, Zou, Wu, Meng, Deng, Chen and Liu. The ancient town now retains a large number of Ming Dynasty buildings, such as the famous Zhu Bao Temple, ancient stage, Xingning Temple, Longqiao, etc., which are all buildings in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and the representative works of ancient buildings in Huangyao. Judging from the function and scale of these buildings, Huang Yao Han immigrants had a certain scale in the middle of Ming Dynasty. In particular, the establishment of the ancient stage, a large-scale public entertainment facility, shows that the settlement of Huang Yaohan immigrants has begun to take shape and the social economy has developed greatly.

In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the population of Han nationality in Lingnan, Fujian, Guangdong and other places expanded rapidly, and the contradiction between man and land was very prominent. A large number of Han people moved from east to west to the relatively sparsely populated mountainous areas of Guangdong and Guangxi. This leads to the contradiction between Han immigrants and local Zhuang and Yao nationalities. Therefore, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the most striking thing in eastern and northern Guangxi was the government's conquest of ethnic minorities and the resistance struggle of Yao and Zhuang nationalities, which lasted from the orthodox year of Ming Dynasty to the end of Ming Dynasty. History says: "After Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty, Yao started an uprising in Datengxia, and Han Xiangyi settled down one after another. In the forty-second year of Kangxi, Yao and Zhuang were excluded from immigration or assimilation, and their distribution in eastern Guangxi was shrinking. "Zhaoping County Records of the Republic of China" (volume 1) said that Zhaoping "has two kinds of people's calendars. In the past, they were stubborn, and they heard about the great levy of Governor Dai Yao in the late Ming Dynasty. After more than 200 years of subtle influence, today, they are compiled for the people, living and working in peace and contentment, and the contributions of their predecessors are indispensable. "This somewhat reflects the tragic degree of the Ming Dynasty's use of force against the indigenous people in Zhaoping. In historical documents, the Yao and Zhuang uprisings are often called looting. The continuous struggle between Yao and Zhuang is fundamentally due to the continuous migration of Han nationality, as well as the contradiction between land, economic disputes and cultural conflicts.

In order to develop the barren land after the war, the consistent practice of Ming government officials was to emigrate and reclaim land. "History of the Ming Dynasty" Volume 12 said: "Gutian County, Guilin, Guangxi, and Maping County, Liuzhou are all connected by mountains, and Yao Zhuang thought it was evil ... He invited more than 200,000 soldiers to attack from all sides in three years, so that the people could block and the soldiers could move. ..... or there are many people and few places, so that refugees are recruited everywhere. " Zhaoping County Records was published for 7 years in the Republic of China. During the Wanli period, the government suppressed the unrest of Yao and Zhuang in Zhaoping. After that, it recruited China tenants from wengyuan county in northern Guangdong to collect rent.

It was under the above background that Huang Yao and Han immigrants moved in in Ming Dynasty. In the process of moving in, they merged with the local indigenous peoples and formed a new Han group, which is another Han group "Hakka" who arrived in Guidong in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. They called themselves "locals" in the Qing Dynasty. Because of the same language, they have no cultural barriers. Their surnames are Mo, Gu, Lao, Wu, Lin, Liang, Huang Heye.

According to Huang Yao's Mohist genealogy, his ancestors moved from Gulao Village, Gaoming County, Guangdong Province to the root of Huangyao Street (now Longpan Street) in Huangyao Town in the early Qing Dynasty.

According to the records of Liang's genealogy, their ancestors moved from Zhuji Lane in Guangdong to Gulao Village in Xinhui during the Jian Yan period (1 127), and moved from Gulao Village to Huangyao in the early Qing Dynasty. Liang ancestral hall's "Rebuilding the Inscription of Liang ancestral hall" said that the ancestral hall was built in the early years of Kangxi.

According to the ancient genealogy, its ancestors moved to Huangyao for business and settlement from Gulao Village, Heshan, Guangdong Province (separated from Xinhui) during the reign of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty.

According to the old genealogy, its ancestors moved from Gulao Village, Heshan County, Guangdong Province during Yongzheng and Qianlong years.

Lin's genealogy records that his ancestors moved from Nanhai County, Guangdong Province in the early Qing Dynasty. The South China Sea is located in the north of Heshan, facing Heshan across the Xijiang River and close to Guangzhou.

According to Guo's genealogy, Guo moved westward to his ancestor Guo, and moved from Gaoming County, Guangdong Province to Huangyao during the Qing Shunzhi period. Gaoming is connected to Xijiang River in the north and Heshan in the southwest.

The Wu Family Tree records that the Wu family of Huang Yao moved from Fujian to Huang Yao in the early years of Kangxi, and settled in business.

From the description of the above genealogy, the four surnames of Mo, Gu, Lao and Liang come from the same place-Gulao Village. Gulao Village is named after the settlement of ancient and old surnames. It is said that the ancestors of these two surnames are cousins. 10 (1732), the Qing government established "Gulao Capital" in the neighboring areas of Xinhui, Heshan and Gaoming in Guangdong. Therefore, in the genealogy of surnames of different nationalities, the administrative subordinate places of Gulao include Xinhui, Gaoming and Heshan, which are actually the same place. Nanhai County, where Lin moved out, and Gaoming County, where Guo moved out, are also close to Heshan and Xinhui. They are geographically located on both sides of the lower reaches of the Xijiang River. They are the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta, and they can easily reach Wuzhou, Guangxi when they return to Jiangxi. Only Wu moved in from Fujian province outside Guangdong, and the migration distance was relatively far.

The historical background of ancient, old, Mo, Lin, Guo, Liang, Wu and other Han nationalities moving from Guangdong to Huangyao is:

1. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the continuous war in eastern Guangxi greatly reduced the local population, while the population in Guangdong was relatively overpopulated.

2. In Qing Dynasty, Guangdong businessmen entered Guangxi to do business on a large scale.

A large number of Guangdong commercial immigrants headed by eight surnames moved into Huangyao, which gradually changed the "local guest structure" of residents here. "Tu" refers to the Han nationality who moved to Huangyao before the Qing Dynasty; Hakka refers to the Han nationality who moved from Guangdong after the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, Huang Yao has a proverb that "Hakkas occupy land". This change can be seen from the language. According to the customs recorded in Volume 7 of Zhaoping County Records of the Republic of China, there are some differences in Zhaoping's language, but after listening for a long time, everyone can talk to each other. "Huangyao Village and Yingjia Village know more about Yangshan Mountain on the left side of Guangdong, with beautiful tones and multilingual voices." "The city of Huangyao (street) is more familiar with Heshan and Nanhai, which was left by Guangdong. Their voices are relaxed and clear, full of the tip of the tongue. " In other words, there are dialect differences between the Han villages around Huangyao and the Han villages on Huangyao Street, because they come from different sources and have their own ancestral accents. It shows that in the early years of the Republic of China, due to the large population of Heshan and Nanhai in Guangdong, the language of Huangyao Town became the local "Mandarin". Huang Yao developed from a small agricultural village to a commercial village.

The earliest local settlement is Shangenzhai in the south of Zhennan, now called Longpan Street. Secondly, the "Niulizhai" and Xinxing Street in the town east are backed by Zhenwu Mountain. After the Qing Dynasty, with the development of Huangyao's commerce, settlements and streets were developed in the north of Xingning River and the east of Yaojiang River, and commercial streets such as Anle Street, Jinde Street, Yingxiu Street, Lilian Street and Ziran Street, which run through the east and west, appeared one after another.

The degree of economic development is usually an important determinant of the formation of ancient towns. The development of Huangyao ancient town benefits from its important commercial location. Huangyao is located in the northeast corner of Zhaoping, at the junction of Zhongshan, Hexian, Pingluo and Zhaoping counties. To the south, you can take a boat from Shazi Town in the upper reaches of Majiang River to Wuzhou and Guangzhou. To the northwest, you can reach Guilin via Pingluo; To the northeast, you can reach Guangdong and Hunan through Hezhou, and the geographical position is very superior. However, before Han immigrants entered the country, the minority residents in Huangyao had little contact with the outside world. Guangdong immigrants make full use of the location advantages here to process and transport local agricultural and sideline products such as lobster sauce and Polygonatum to other places, and then buy back the daily necessities needed by local residents for sale. The capital accumulated by business laid a material foundation for the rise of Huangyao city.