What are the characteristics to be solved in new urbanization?

Three major problems to be solved in new urbanization

The new urbanization will no longer be a simple pile of reinforced concrete, but a transformation of farmers' citizenization; It is no longer the separation of urban-rural dual structure, but the promotion of urban lifestyle to rural areas; It is no longer a migratory bird migration under the passive traction of industrialization, but promotes the industrial layout through the migration and agglomeration of immigrant population; No longer at the expense of environmental pollution, but to create a livable new city with green ecology and intelligent technology.

The Central Economic Work Conference just concluded in Beijing pointed out that urbanization is the historical task of China's modernization and the greatest potential for expanding domestic demand. We should focus on improving the quality of urbanization and actively guide the healthy development of urbanization.

The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that we should stick to the road of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization with China characteristics. When China's economic development enters the stage of active regulation and seeking new impetus for medium and long-term growth, it has high hopes for the new urbanization with multiplier effect in expanding domestic demand.

At present, new urbanization needs to solve three major problems.

First, the expansion of urban land should be combined with the transfer of agricultural population, and cities cannot be expanded and built alone.

(1) It is an important task to turn the population from agriculture into citizens.

Because in the past, in the process of promoting cities, we simply called it "urbanization without people", so our urbanization rate seems to be above 5 1%, but in fact the population is only about 35%, which is a very realistic and acute problem.

What does this difference mean? The difference between urbanization and citizenization is less than 20%. This difference proves that we have violated a universal law of urbanization, because the concept of urbanization mainly refers to the process of rural population transferring to cities, and of course it is mainly the process of transferring to cities. This is the new urbanization proposed by the 18th CPC Central Committee, which is the most important aspect in the past.

(2) Integrate the concept of ecological civilization into the whole process of new urbanization, that is, build beautiful China and realize the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.

Simply put, it is four words. New urbanization mainly refers to intensive, functional, low-carbon and green. These eight words can summarize the essential characteristics of new urbanization.

Second, urbanization should be combined with industrial transfer to realize the rational distribution of industries between urban and rural areas and regions.

(A) the establishment of agricultural production enterprises, realize the modernization of farmers' lives and the natural layout of rural ecology in this beautiful city.

Since the founding of New China more than 60 years ago, we have been supporting the development of industrialization and urbanization in China with the sacrifice and dedication of farmers. Today, we really should go back to feed farmers and support rural development. This formulation has been put forward since 2005, but it has not been really implemented. The central government has issued nine No.1 documents, which have been solving the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers. However, the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have changed from basic status to important status, becoming the top priority of the whole party and the whole country, which reflects that the poverty level of farmers is more serious, there are many bottlenecks in agriculture, and more mass incidents have occurred in rural areas in terms of instability. These problems deserve our consideration. The reason why farmers are poor, difficult in agriculture and unstable in rural areas is mainly that we don't pay enough attention to farmers' rights and interests. Therefore, we really need to pay attention to how these 250 million people transferred from agriculture become citizens. However, this foothold and this space must be in county towns and key towns. I think this is something that our country must consider to change its thinking of governing the country. This is a comprehensive measure.

For people living in cities, the concept of "urbanization" means the improvement of living conditions, a better environment and more housing space. But for farmers in the past, urbanization meant that their fields were gone and their houses were demolished, and then their rights and interests could not be guaranteed after they entered the city. How to improve the quality of urbanization for 250 million migrant workers in the future?

When we pay attention to the status of farmers, we pay attention to the way out and development of farmers. How to put the development of rural economy in the process of urbanization after farmers become citizens in the future?

In fact, from the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and other developed areas, we can see that the reason why these areas are developed is actually the development of urban economy and small town economy, which is the so-called rapid agricultural economic development. In fact, the private economy has grown up through the intensification and greening of small towns, which is called grassroots.

In fact, if the real new urbanization construction focuses on county towns and small towns, then we can establish a beautiful urban layout with agricultural production enterprise, farmers' life modernization and rural ecological naturalization, which is precisely the most important judgment that our country must consider when making up for the bias of urbanization for a long time in the past.

How to ensure that urbanization is related to agriculture and farmers in the future urbanization process?

In fact, the proper meaning of urbanization is to turn the agricultural population into citizens. After the concentration of agricultural population, we have actually gained very intuitive economic benefits here, which can save cultivated land. Now each farmer has about 6 points 1 mu 2 points of homestead. If there are 250 million farmers in China, the agricultural economy can be developed by saving 300 million mu of cultivated land according to10.50 million mu.

(2) What are the problems and challenges of urbanization?

Although urbanization has brought a lot of investment and consumption demand, stimulated economic growth and created conditions for rural residents to get rid of poverty and become rich, it has also brought many problems. In addition to the above-mentioned pressures on urban transportation, environment, employment, education and medical care, rapid urbanization has also brought many problems to rural areas, such as the loss of cultivated land, low compensation for demolition, many elderly people and left-behind children, and the abandonment of agricultural land. The key to the problem is how to deal with the relationship between urbanization and the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.

For a long time, in order to focus on the development of industry, especially heavy industry, China has adopted the household registration system of separating urban and rural household registration and the rural collective land management system. These two systems not only severely limit the free flow of labor force, but also limit the process of urbanization. In fact, the urbanization rate in the current statistical sense is only the proportion calculated by the permanent population in cities and towns (that is, living for more than half a year), and it is not the real urbanization rate. This is also the reason why the government proposed to promote the urbanization of agricultural transfer population (that is, migrant workers).

To solve the problem of migrant workers' citizenization, we must overcome the lack of rights in three aspects: first, the lack of rights as urban residents, second, the lack of rights as workers, and third, the lack of land property rights.

In order to overcome the lack of rights of migrant workers as urban residents, we must break the current management system of urban-rural division and establish a unified basic public service system. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the household registration problem of migrant workers as soon as possible and establish personnel files for them so that they can enjoy the same social welfare benefits as urban groups in employment, medical care, housing, education and training.

In order to overcome the lack of migrant workers' rights as laborers, we must build a stable labor-capital relationship, contract relationship and wage negotiation system, and strengthen the protection of migrant workers' labor income and the maintenance of their legitimate rights.

In order to overcome the lack of land property rights of migrant workers, it is necessary to reform the land acquisition system as soon as possible so that farmers can get more property income. The most important property of farmers is rural construction land, not cultivated land. In many places, the distinction between cultivated land and construction land not only caused the loss of cultivated land, but also greatly underestimated the value of construction land. Through the registration and certification of rural contracted land, homestead, mountains and grasslands, farmers should be given complete and legally guaranteed right to use, benefit and transfer land and other resources.

Where does the capital needed for urbanization come from?

Urbanization needs a lot of capital investment. where is the money to come from? Due to the huge demand for funds, it is obviously difficult to complete it only by local financial investment. It is found that local governments in China have not established a diversified investment and financing mechanism to meet the capital demand of urbanization, and the financing method is still mainly bank loans, which is not only difficult to meet the huge capital demand, but also the ultimate source of repayment is land income. If we can't solve the problem of capital demand in urbanization, not only a large number of urban poor people may appear, but also cities will become more serious, and spread from big cities to small and medium-sized cities, reducing the quality of life in cities and towns and losing the original meaning of urbanization.

I think there are three aspects to be done: first, the central and local governments should clarify the construction standards as soon as possible, lower the entry threshold in the field of public services, allow more private capital and foreign capital to enter, and form diversified investment entities. Second, by adjusting the allocation of state-owned capital, increasing the dividend ratio of rental income, and investing the dividend from rental income in the social welfare field, it can also create favorable conditions for population urbanization. The third is to allow counties with repayment ability to issue urban investment bonds, that is, platform bonds, and consider launching private debt for infrastructure construction projects in due course.

Third, big cities should develop in harmony with small and medium-sized towns.

(1) What kind of urbanization does China need?

For a long time, China's urbanization model has been widely discussed. Is it dominated by big cities and megacities? Or small and medium-sized cities, especially small towns? Or do large, medium and small cities (towns) coexist? However, he said that he has not reached the knowledge of * * *. Of course, big cities have the advantages of big cities. For example, a large population is conducive to the diversified development of industries, especially the development of service industries, and industrial agglomeration can create more employment opportunities and produce scale effects. However, megacities also bring many problems, such as traffic congestion, environmental pollution, high housing prices, inadequate social security, and great pressure on work and life. China has a vast territory and a large population, with obvious differences among provinces. Urbanization should be adapted to local conditions, and large, medium and small cities (towns) coexist. At present, it is especially necessary to vigorously develop second-and third-tier cities with high labor absorption, diversified industrial development, obvious local characteristics and affordable housing prices.

Considering that China is currently in the development stage of an upper-middle income country with a per capita income of US$ 5,000-6,000, in this special period, economic development can no longer continue the past extensive, high-input and low-efficiency model, and must rely on a new growth model of scientific and technological innovation, industrial structure upgrading and total factor productivity improvement. Accordingly, China's urbanization should abandon the extensive characteristics of relying solely on real estate development, simultaneous excavation and construction, and ignoring the bearing capacity of urban resources and environment, and replace it with a new type of urbanization with high technology content, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution and more employment opportunities.

On the relationship between urbanization and industrialization, industrialization, especially new industrialization, should drive the development of urbanization. To support population growth and sustainable development, a city must develop a number of industries with local comparative advantages. Otherwise, if we rely solely on real estate or individual industries, once the economy declines, individual industries will lose their comparative advantages, and the new city may be deserted and become an "empty city" or a "ghost town". In this sense, urbanization can only be an inevitable result of economic development, not a prerequisite for economic development.

(2) To implement new urbanization, it is necessary to appropriately control the development scale of large and medium-sized cities.

In order to solve the fundamental problems of urbanization in China, especially to implement new urbanization, we should properly control the development of large and medium-sized cities. Large and medium-sized cities in China mainly refer to 287 cities above prefecture level, including 4 municipalities directly under the central government, 27 provincial capitals, 4 coastal open cities and so-called sub-provincial cities. These 36 cities should properly control the scale and actively and steadily promote urbanization. Regarding whether these 36 cities should focus on safety, these cities should not expand their scale, but should pay more attention to improving quality. In the past, these big cities mainly built three branches and seven branches. Is it possible to turn them upside down and manage them with seven branches and three branches, so that these towns can truly become cities for all people in this city, not just cities with residents living in this city? That is to say, the problem of migrant workers entering the city.

In fact, the problem of migrant workers entering cities, in the final analysis, is to solve the problem of farmers' way out and status. There are now 250 million migrant workers, which is a huge group, and their interests cannot be ignored.

In the past ten years, China's urban and rural structure has undergone historic changes, and the urban population has surpassed the rural population for the first time.

According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the urbanization rate of China has exceeded 50%. In the past ten years, with the development of urbanization, a large number of migrant workers have poured into cities and towns. At present, the number of migrant workers in China has exceeded 250 million. To some extent, they have left the land, but a historical problem they have to face is that these 250 million people still cannot enjoy the equal public service system with urban residents. While the stock market is excited about urbanization, the new engine of China's economy, the current situation of 250 million migrant workers is a problem that must be solved in China's next urbanization construction.

The inability of agricultural population to move to cities, on the one hand, hinders the improvement of China's industrialization quality, adversely affects the transformation of development mode and the improvement of consumption quality, on the other hand, is not conducive to the scale and industrialization of agriculture, making the pressure of rising prices, mainly commodity prices, never be eliminated.

Although urbanization in China is developing rapidly, the speed of "citizenization" is relatively slow. More than 654.38+0.5 billion migrant workers left their homes to work in cities, wandering between cities and rural areas, which brought a series of economic and social problems.