Who are the ancestors of Liu Tongxun?

Readers may be surprised. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, Liu Yong's ancestors were from the same town as Liu Bang, the ancestor of Emperor Gaozu. Liu Yong's ancestors originally lived in Liu Cun, Dangshan County, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province (now Anhui Province). Therefore, after Liu Yong's family is a real aristocratic family, it has a very social background.

At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, due to social unrest, the family moved to Rizhao, Shandong Province, and moved to Zhucheng, Shandong Province during Chenghua (1465- 1487). Therefore, we are right to say that Liu Yong is a native of Shandong today, and there is nothing wrong with saying so in the TV series "Prime Minister Liu".

Although Liu Yong's ancestors took refuge in the Qing dynasty ruled by Manchu nobles, they were loyal to the Qing dynasty and said, "Loyalty and filial piety last forever, and poetry and books last forever." This sentence is no exaggeration to describe this family.

Liu Yong's great-grandfather, that is, his grandfather's grandfather Liu Tong, was admitted as a scholar in the late Ming Dynasty. However, when the Qing army entered the customs, the Liu family took the lead in lowering the Qing Dynasty. When the Qing dynasty was in urgent need of personnel, the Liu family who surrendered to the Qing dynasty was gradually reused. Since then, the Liu family has not only passed the imperial examination year after year, but also gradually prospered in official career.

Liu Yong's great-grandfather, Liu Bixian, 1652, took the Jinshi examination during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, and he took the senior high school entrance examination in one fell swoop. From this year to 18 14, the Liu family in Zhucheng, Shandong Province produced 1 1 Jinshi and 35 juries.

Liu Bixian became the foreign minister of Guangxi's Ministry of Finance after the Jinshi examination, and was the first senior official abroad in Liu Ren's history. When he arrived at Liu Yong's grandfather, Bai Liu, he was already an official in Sichuan, equivalent to the governor of Sichuan Province. My second brother, Liu, went to Jiangnan to study politics. What is Yuan Wailang? He is an alternate official of the court. Studying politics in Jiangnan is an official in charge of students' study and taking the imperial examination in Jiangnan, which is equivalent to the education director of a province.

The above brilliance is only the beginning of Liu's family career. Starting from Liu Yong's father Liu Tongxun, Liu's family has successively produced Wen Liu Tongxun, Wen Qinggong Liu Yong and Wen Gonggong Liu Juzhi. This family is the prime minister of it runs in the family and has become a well-deserved scholar and noble family.

Among them, Liu Yong's father, Liu Tongxun, was most valued by the Qing Dynasty. He used to be a cabinet scholar, governor of grain transportation, minister of industry, bachelor of imperial academy, minister of punishment, and general catalogue of Si Ku Quan Shu. In the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), Tai Fu, a prince, was added. After his death, Qianlong Emperor posthumous title was named "Zheng Wen".

In ancient China, after his death, no matter the emperor or the ministers, the living ministers should judge him according to his life's conduct, and give corresponding words according to this judgment. General minister is two words. The first word of a military commander is "Wu", such as posthumous title after Yue Fei's death is "Wu Mu"; The first word of a civil servant from Hanlin is generally "Wen", but the second word is different. Among them, "Zheng Wen" is the highest-ranking posthumous title in posthumous title.

According to the provisions of the obituary law-moral erudition (on one premise, posthumous title said "Wen" must be an academician, that is, he must be an official in the Imperial Academy), and Jing * * * is in his position. In other words, officials who can be called "Zheng Wen" by posthumous title should not only have both ability and political integrity, but also fulfill their duties, be loyal to the monarch and love the people. Eight ministers in the whole Qing Dynasty won this posthumous title. In chronological order, Liu Tongxun ranked second, after Tang Bin.

Seeing the name Liu Tongxun, readers who have watched the TV series "The Granary in the World" may recall that this Liu Tongxun really exists in history, and he is actually Liu's father!

Liu Yong's grandfather Bai Liu is an official in Sichuan. He was a famous upright official in Kangxi period, and was selected in Biography of Officials in China. Biography of Officials in the State Dynasty is the last volume of the eight-volume Biography of Officials in Past Dynasties. Biographies of Officials in Past Dynasties is a book written by Zhu Shi and Cai Shiyuan, famous ministers in Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong periods. The last volume is Biographies of Officials in China. The "national dynasty" here actually refers to the Qing Dynasty. This book was written in the Kangxi period and officially published in the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729). The two men were appointed by Yong Zhengdi as their successors, Li Hong, who was the teacher of the future emperor Qianlong. In other words, when Emperor Qianlong was a prince, he knew Liu Yong's grandfather very well through the teacher's introduction. This shows that Liu has a good reputation.

Where did the Liu Tongxun family live for generations? Generally speaking, they lived in today's Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province-then called Pengcheng County, and later called Xuzhou House. There is a county called Dangshan County under Xuzhou House. However, now this Dangshan county does not belong to Xuzhou, but belongs to Anhui Province. There is a big Liu Cun in Dangshan County, where Liu Tongxun's ancestors lived in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, Anhui people in Jiangsu often argue with Shandong people that Liu Tongxun and Liu Yong are ours! However, I still think Liu Tongxun is from Shandong. Why? Because Liu Tongxun's ancestors had already moved, and moved back and forth three times!

How can you move? We have to start with the large-scale migration in the early Ming Dynasty. At that time, one of the important measures taken by Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty, to consolidate the newly-built Daming Mountain was to effectively organize the largest immigration activity in the history of China. This immigration activity has its profound political background and natural reasons.

Hundreds of years before the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the wars among Song, Jin, Song, Yuan and Jin Dynasties caused a large number of people to live in exile in China. On the one hand, a large number of people from the north migrated to the south. On the other hand, due to the constant wars, epidemics and many deaths, the nomadic regime adopted the policy of attaching importance to grazing and neglecting agriculture, which made many areas in the north desolate and people's livelihood depressed.

Mongolian nobles ruled in the Central Plains for 97 years. Although it was in its heyday, it is impolite to say that most of the rulers in various periods of the Yuan Dynasty "only knew how to shoot an eagle with a bow". By the end of the Yuan Dynasty, due to the intensification of class contradictions and ethnic contradictions, floods, droughts, locusts and epidemics, the people were in dire straits, making the roads in Henan, Shandong, Hebei, northern Anhui and other central plains "completely blocked and uninhabited", and the people could not live, so they had to rise up against the brutal rule of the Yuan Empire. Only in 134 1 year, there were 100 anti-yuan uprisings in Shandong, Hebei, Huguang and other places. Since then, people's uprisings have become more frequent and stronger. From 135 1, Liu Futong led the Red Scarf Army to the Yingzhou Uprising, and to 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to the Northern Expedition, and Yuan Di died in Mobei. 16 was a mutiny at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, in addition to mutiny, floods, droughts, locusts and plagues broke out one after another, and the Yellow River and Huaihe River burst many times. All this has prompted the Central Plains to "have no fields and no houses to drift, countless dead people, and most villages and towns are deserted." "Food does not enter the ground, and people eat people."

In short, the above reasons make the Central Plains vast and sparsely populated, and the land is barren.

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, officials from all over the country told the Ming government about the desolation in various places. The Central Plains is full of "shortage of manpower and long-term desolation", "piles of bones and hills, few residents", "most of them are uninhabited places" and "years of rent and taxes are not allowed". The serious shortage of labor force, barren land and sharp decline in fiscal revenue directly threatened the rule of the Ming Dynasty.

Shanxi in the north and the vast areas in the south are completely different scenes. Here, Shanxi is taken as an example to illustrate that the military chaos and various disasters in the Central Plains rarely spread to Shanxi, and no major floods, droughts and insect disasters occurred in most parts of Shanxi. The weather is fine, and the crops are bumper every year. Compared with neighboring provinces, it enjoys social stability, economic prosperity and affluent population. Zhong You, a native of the Yuan Dynasty, said in his book "Building a Town in the River" that nowadays, "there is a fire in the world, and the red river (Yellow River) is very different from the north and the south, and the residents here in Hedong are mixed, so they have something to do and have a good education". Although this is a compliment from feudal literati, it also shows that Shanxi is relatively stable, refugees from neighboring provinces flow into Shanxi, and the population in the south of Shanxi is very dense. In the fourteenth year of Hongwu (138 1 year), the population of Henan was 1.89 million 1.00 million, the population of Hebei was 1.39 million, and the population of Shanxi was 4.03 million 450, exceeding the combined population of Hebei and Henan provinces.

In the face of internal and external troubles, Zhu Yuanzhang knew that "after the chaos, the Central Plains was bumpy and the people were miserable. The so-called land reclamation and increasing household registration are the top priority of the Central Plains. Therefore, he adopted the suggestions of Su Qi, the magistrate of Zhengzhou, Liu Jiugang, a doctor of the Ministry of Housing, and Song Na, imperial academy, and adopted the policy of immigration and military and civilian reclamation, so as to strengthen the northern border defense, reclaim wasteland, ensure military and civilian food use, and resume agricultural production.

From then on, the prelude of the large-scale immigration movement that lasted for about 50 years after the Hongwu, Wen Jian and Yongle Dynasties was opened. From Zhu Yuanzhang 1367 10 to the last large-scale migration in January in the 14th year of Yongle (14 16), the large-scale migration in the early Ming Dynasty lasted for 50 years, with 18 times.

1370, according to the government immigration regulations, a member of the Liu family in Liu Cun, Dangshan County, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, moved out of Liu Cun under the leadership of his great-grandfather.

I want to say here that according to the records of Liu's genealogy in Rizhao, Shandong Province, I should have immigrated at the call of the government. However, this record is wrong. It belongs to the posthumous record more than one hundred years later, which is very inaccurate.

Where did they move? Liu and his party went north along the winding road to the junction of Huangdun Town and Juxian County, Donggang District, Rizhao City, ten kilometers northwest of Jiazi Mountain, where the mountains are towering. They looked at the terrain there and saw mountains around, streams gurgling, flowers and trees dense. There is a nest of magpies living on the towering old trees by the stream; The mountain by the river has wide wings, high in the north and low in the south, like a legendary phoenix. This looks like a good place, so I settled there. Later generations named it "Magpie Nest".

His great-grandfather (or great-grandfather) led Liu people to move to Huangdun Town, Donggang District, Rizhao City today. Of course, this is not recorded in the Liu family tree of Zhucheng, Shandong Province.

In fact, it is not far to move from Daliu Village, Dangshan County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province to Huangdun Town, Donggang District, Rizhao City, Shandong Province. According to today's administrative region, Daliu Village in Dangshan County is connected to Shandong in the north, Jiangsu in the east and Henan in the west. It is at the northernmost part of Anhui Province and is the junction of the four provinces, so it is not far for the Liu family to move to Shandong.

So Liu Tongxun's ancestors moved to Rizhao in 1370. This is the ancestor of Liu in the west of Rizhao City.

Written in the forty-eighth year of the Ming Dynasty (1620), Rizhao Liu Family Tree recorded such an important event of the Liu family: "I was born in Ju 'an with a long history ... I was appointed by Yuan Society to build a house, and my ancestors took advantage of it and moved to Liu Village, Dangshan County, Xuzhou Prefecture. The red scarf began to get messy, and my ancestors fled to Danglu Village in the East China Sea. After moving to Hongwu for three years, his ancestors moved from the East China Sea to Rizhao Magpie Nest.

By the following year (1457 ~ 1465), the Liu family was Ding Risheng. However, an unexpected fire destroyed almost everything in the house. At that time, Liu's ancestors died and were buried in Tianjia Beiling and Dongwangzhuang, leaving five brothers Liu Chengyuan, Liu Jieyuan, Liu and Liu Genyuan.

During the Chenghua period (1465 ~ 1488), the five Liu brothers made a decision about separation in the face of the contradiction between family prosperity and increasingly narrow living space: the eldest Liu Chengyuan moved to Anqiu; The old house moved westward and was renamed Cao Jian. Liu Siyuan, the second child, moved to the north of the pagoda tree about one kilometer away from the magpie nest and lived in a thatched shed. Liu Laosan Xieyuan moved to Qian Qiu; Old four Liu and old five Liu Genyuan moved to Juxian County.

Later, he married Zhang in his village and gave birth to eight sons: Fu, Lu, Shou, Shi, Shu, Zhong and Hou. A stone tablet built by Liu's descendants at 1924 proves this point. This stone tablet records that "Siyuan Gong Zu ... gave birth to my two ancestors, Fu, Lu, Shou, Shi, Shu, Zhong and Hou."

Facing the increasingly affluent family, Liu Siyuan once again made the decision of separation: let his eight sons live separately and seek a way out, leaving only four sons, Liu Xi and Liu Siyuan, in their hometown.

Liu Fu and Liu Lu moved to Liujiagou in Sanzhuang, Liu Shou moved to Liujiazhuang, Liu Shi moved to Dazhuzhou, and Liu Shu moved to Juxian to meet his uncles Liu and Liu Gengen. Liu Zhong moved to Linyi, and Liu Hou moved to Liujiadian in Yishui (later, Liu Hou descendants moved to Buquan Village in Yishui).

After Liu Siyuan died, he was buried seven meters northwest of the old pagoda tree. With the popularity under the ancient locust tree, it grows sturdily and flourishes. This ancient pagoda tree is more than 50 meters high and 4 inches thick. One year, it did not give birth to new branches and leaves. The villagers thought it was dead, but the next year it grew new branches and leaves, and soon it showed a lush scene. The villagers are very magical and are honored as sacred trees. If something goes wrong, portable old people and young people come to burn incense and kowtow under the old locust tree, praying that the old locust tree will show its great power, eliminate disasters and ensure peace.

During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, descendants of Liu Yong chose a site 40 meters northeast of the old locust tree and built a Liu ancestral temple. Unfortunately, this Millennium tree was cut down in the autumn of 1946.

Later, in order to avoid bandits, Liu Fu moved his third son Liu Heng to Fengge Village in Zhucheng, and entrusted Liu Lu with his eldest son Liu Zhigan and his second son Liu Zhizhen. After hundreds of years of descendants' reproduction, the descendants of the hometown of Liu Xi have become a big family of more than 3,000 people. In the 19th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 14), Liu Yong, the grandson of Liu Fu IX, died in 10, and his family rebuilt his genealogy, excluding women and people who moved to other provinces and other places. Liu's family has multiplied 14 generations, and its family has 822 people. The discovery of Liu's genealogy in Rizhao not only reproduces a family history and national history lost in the sea of history, but also continues a history that cannot be traced back when the genealogy of Zhucheng was first built in Liu Tongxun.

Liu Tongxun began to compile his genealogy in 175 1 year, that is, more than 250 years after his ancestor Liu Fu moved to Zhucheng county, and said in an ordinary case: My family was forbidden to be published after his ancestors moved to Zhucheng in the Hongzhi period of the former Ming Dynasty, and the genealogy was destroyed by soldiers, so it failed the examination in the Middle Ages. Therefore, the ancestors taboo Heng Gong as the second.

Later, a family led by Liu in Rizhao, Shandong Province, moved out of Rizhao. Why do we propose this list? Because, this happens to be the ancestor of Liu Yong.

According to the genealogy of the Liu family in Rizhao, the relocation time began in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty. In other words, lead a member of the Liu family in Rizhao to move out from 1465 to 1487. As for the completion time of this migration, according to the records in Liu's genealogy in Zhucheng, Shandong Province, it was during the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, that is, from 1488 to 1505.

Some readers may have such a question: How can it take decades to move so much trouble? Actually, it's not like this. According to textual research, the time when Liu Fu led his family to move should be 1487, and the time to complete the move should be 1488-because 1487 coincided with the death of Zhu Jianshen, Ming Xianzong, and his son, Zhu Youtang, the later Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne, and 1488 changed to Yuan Hongzhi. Therefore, there is such a record in the Liu family tree in Rizhao, Shandong Province, that is, Liu Fu led one of the Liu families to move away from their hometown in Chenghua, Ming Dynasty, while the Liu family tree in Zhucheng, Shandong Province recorded that Liu Fu moved to Zhucheng, Shandong Province during Hongzhi, Ming Dynasty.

In this way, under the leadership of Liu Fu, one of Liu Yong's ancestors moved to Diaogezhuang (now gaomi city, Shandong Province) in Zhucheng, Shandong Province, and settled down, which was called Liushi and Zhucheng Wu Dong in history. Liu Fu has only one son, named Liu Heng. Later, due to war and disaster, the Liu family tree was burned down. Since then, the situation of the Liu family in Zhucheng has been unknown.

Liu Heng has three sons, the eldest named Liu Xie, the second named Liu Xie and the third named Liu Hu. Liu Yong is a descendant of Liu Xie. We haven't verified where the descendants of Liu Xie and Liu Hu are now. Liu Xie has only one son, named Liu Sizhi. Liu Sizhi has two sons, the first named Liu Tong and the second named Liu Yuan. Liu Yong is a descendant of Liu Tong.