Did the Qing Dynasty have a great influence on China today?

The enslavement of China by the Manchu Dynasty was the root of ignorance and backwardness in modern China!

Teacher's Note: China culture has a long history, from Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties, which can be described as the same strain and unparalleled in the world. China culture not only has a long history, but also remains brilliant for a long time. The textbook says: "In ancient society, China culture was in the forefront of the world for a long time and made great contributions to human civilization. However, with the gradual decline of China's feudal rule and the great impact of modern western industrial civilization, China culture has also experienced a process of decline. " Textbooks attribute the decline of China culture to the gradual decline of feudal rule and the great impact of modern western industrial civilization. This view has its rationality, and the college entrance examination must be remembered. But think carefully, why did China lead the world for thousands of years, and why did it suddenly decline? Is it really the decline of feudal rule and the great impact of modern western industrial civilization? There is no standard answer to this question, but the following article may give you another angle to think about the reasons for the decline of China culture in modern times. Students should always have their own opinions in their study, whether it is teaching materials or extracurricular knowledge, they should be left to you to judge.

The other eye of China's history: an alternative discussion on the causes of Manchu and modern decline

There is amazing poverty everywhere ... soldiers with rusty broadswords ... the army is in rags like beggars ... many people have no clothes to wear ... This empire is doomed to be barbaric and backward.

-Magalny: British envoy in the heyday of Kang 'an.

Wu Kai in the Heavenly Palace records various technologies in ancient China before the middle of Ming Dynasty. The book is divided into three parts, 18 volumes. It is accompanied by 12 1 illustration, which depicts the names, shapes and processes of 130 kinds of production technologies and tools.

The book "Heavenly Creations" describes in detail the types, origins, production technologies and equipment of various crops and industrial raw materials, as well as some production organization experiences, with a large number of exact data and 123 illustrations. The book is divided into three volumes, and is subdivided into eighteen volumes. The first volume records the planting and processing methods of grain, beans and hemp, the spinning and dyeing techniques of silk cotton and ramie, and the production process of salt and sugar. The contents of the book include the production of bricks and ceramics, the construction of vehicles and boats, the casting and forging of metals, the mining and firing of coal, lime, sulfur and alum, and the methods of oil extraction and paper making. The second volume describes the mining and smelting of metal minerals, the manufacture of weapons, the production of pigments and koji, and the collection and processing of jade beads.

Most of China's knowledge of ancient physics is scattered in various technical books, such as Wu Kai in Tiangong. Such as water lifting tools (trucks, beaches, windmills), rudder, pouring steel, clay casting kettle, lost wax casting, methods of removing coal mine gas, brine absorber (pump) in salt wells, melting extraction methods and so on. In addition, in On Qi, Song profoundly expounded the causes and fluctuations of sound, and he also pointed out that the sun is constantly changing. "Take today's day as yesterday's day, carving a boat to seek a sword" (talking about the sky).

His works have precious historical and scientific value. For example, in Hardware, Song was the first scientist in the world to discuss zinc and copper-zinc alloy (brass) scientifically. He clearly pointed out that zinc is a new metal and recorded its smelting method for the first time. This is one of the important achievements in the history of ancient metal smelting in China. China has long been the only country in the world that can smelt zinc on a large scale. The method of extracting brass with zinc instead of zinc compound (calamine) in Song Dynasty is the earliest record of obtaining brass by direct melting of copper and zinc in human history.

In particular, Song paid attention to discovering essence from common phenomena and made some achievements in natural science theory.

First of all, in biology, he recorded the case of farmers cultivating new varieties of rice and barley in Wu Kai of Tiangong, studied the influence of soil, climate and cultivation methods on the variety change of crops, and noticed the variation caused by the hybridization of different varieties of silkworm moths, indicating that the variety characteristics of animals and plants can be changed through human efforts, and obtained the scientific view that "soil veins change at any time, and species are divided by water and soil".

In physics, the newly discovered chapter Qi and Qi Sound is an outstanding chapter in acoustics. Through the concrete analysis of various acoustics, Song studied the law of sound generation and propagation, and put forward the concept that sound is air waves.

Tiangong Wu Kai is the first comprehensive work on agriculture and handicraft production in the world, and it is also a great scientific and technological work in the history of China. Its characteristics are as follows

Illustrated with pictures and texts, paying attention to reality and practice. It is praised by European scholars as "17th century craft encyclopedia". It systematically summarizes the ancient technology in China and constitutes a complete scientific and technological system. Summarized the rich agricultural experience and fully reflected the scientific and technological achievements. Many of the production techniques described in the book have been used to modern times.

For example, this book records the method of zinc smelting for the first time in the world; The theory of species development and variation is earlier than the provenance theory put forward by Carver Wolfe in Germany 100 years. "Animal crossbreeding to cultivate excellent varieties" is more than 200 years earlier than the theory of French Bill West Bisilliat. The law of conservation of quality of gas drainage, roadway support and coal mining chemical changes is also much more advanced than that of foreign science at that time. In particular, the research results such as "ashes dipped in seedling roots" and "planting with water and soil" are important breakthroughs in agricultural history.

On the Ignorance of Manchu Tatars from the Perspective of the Lack of Tiangong. ...

In the early years of the Republic of China, a man went to Tongzhi, Yunnan Province, and found a book named "Tiangong Wu Kai" in the copper smelting place. So he wanted to see the whole picture of the book, so he went to major libraries in Beijing to search for the book, but he couldn't find any. He also asked various bibliophiles, and no one knew about this book. In other words, after nearly 300 years of Manchu rule, this book has completely disappeared from China, and even few people know about it.

Later, this man happened to find the Japanese version of the book at a Japanese friend's house, so he went to the Japanese library to look it up. This check is irrelevant. He found that this book has been translated in England, Russia, Germany, Japan and France, and there is a full translation in France. Ironically, China is the only one who doesn't have this book, but the real people don't. Later, he found the original engraving of the Ming Dynasty in the French National Library. Then, according to this original block print, the book "Tiangong Wu Kai" was widely published in China, and it was discovered again.

After reading this fact, I don't know how everyone feels. I only have one feeling, and that is anger. In the Ming dynasty, which was ridiculed by everyone as autocratic, incompetent and corrupt, great scientists emerged one after another. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, scientist Song Like Ying Xing was able to write such a world-class book, in which a large number of technologies (which were widely used in the Ming Dynasty) were the most advanced in the world at that time, such as how to eliminate toxic gases in coal mining, such as zinc smelting technology, silkworm hybridization technology, jacquard loom and so on. Zinc smelting, in particular, was a technology that only China people of the Ming Dynasty mastered in the world at that time. Therefore, as soon as this book was published in the Ming Dynasty, foreigners attached great importance to it and translated it in large quantities.

And the Qing court, which was boasted by some people as a prosperous time, not only no one could write a book on science and technology, but even such a book written by the Ming Dynasty could not be saved! That this book disappeared in China for nearly 300 years! ! Whose sorrow is this?

It is conceivable that if this book had not spread to Japan, France and Britain at that time, it would have completely disappeared from the world. Except for a few special experts, almost no one would know that China in Ming Dynasty published such a book, which recorded a large number of the most advanced industrial and agricultural technologies in the world at that time.

It's terrible that the literary inquisition asks for people everywhere. Not only a large number of political and ideological works and historical authors have been completely eliminated, but even scientific and technological works such as Wu Kai in Tiangong are doomed to be eliminated. The most terrible thing about Manwen.com is its thoroughness of elimination, so that a large number of books can make people feel that they don't exist at all, which is really creepy.

Wu Kai in Tiangong was spread abroad in time (mostly to escape the credit of adherents of the Ming Dynasty, and of course the credit of foreign missionaries in the Ming Dynasty), so it was fortunately preserved! But it is also easy to understand that more scientific and technological works and ideological works published in the Ming Dynasty are not so lucky. Under the brutal, closed and ignorant rule of the Qing Dynasty, how many valuable scientific and technological works and ideological works were completely eliminated is something that people now can never know. Only by this, the sin of the Qing court is unforgivable.

Nowadays, people often confuse the Ming Dynasty with the Qing Dynasty, which is really the result of ignorant propaganda. During the heyday of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made seven voyages to the West as far away as Africa, and all countries, big and small, came to worship. No dynasty in the history of China had such a feat (including the Tang Dynasty, which was called the prosperous time), nor did it have such an open mind and vision. However, in the writings of emperors and literati in the Qing court, such a feat was vilified and described as a useless move purely for face! But is this the case? After Zheng He's seven voyages to the West, China people's horizons were broadened, and the development of maritime trade routes reached an unprecedented scale, which laid a solid foundation for the development of maritime trade in the late Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, China people also emigrated overseas on a large scale. Moreover, the cultural and technological exchanges between China and foreign countries have never been cut off in the late Ming Dynasty. Firearms invented by foreign countries are often introduced to China quickly, and the equipment is copied on a large scale, and innovation and improvement are made on this basis. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, China people were not inferior to other most advanced countries in firearms equipment and use at that time, and even had the potential to catch up.

Moreover, the folk thoughts of Ming Dynasty were active and open, which was unprecedented in the history of China. Including the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, which some people admire, their ideological activity is not as active as that of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, Li Zhi, an anti-traditional heretical thinker, lived to be 70 years old, which was unimaginable in any previous dynasty. Moreover, incredibly, Li Zhi's books were bestsellers at that time, and almost everyone had one, so that some bookstores and printing houses even wrote some books as Li Zhi to make money. The grand occasion can be imagined!

By compiling Sikuquanshu, the rulers of the Manchu Dynasty actually thoroughly cleaned Chinese culture, banned and tampered with a large number of books representing the ideological essence of the highest development stage of Chinese civilization, including a large number of scientific and technological works, and seized more than 3,000 kinds of books.1* *.

The famous historian Wu Han also commented:

More than 200 years ago, in order to carry out the policy of enslavement, the Manchu government severely carried out a long period of cultural killing and sorting out old books.

Any new book involving foreigners will be revised and slandered, and the whole book will be destroyed or banned or completely destroyed. Existing author

Once he is promoted, exiled and beheaded, his credentials are not linked to a large set. The remaining achievement is that most of them have been "disinfected" (people

There are four complete books, a large set of banned books, and the hatred of tens of millions of oppressed people. Why did the Manchu government do this?

? Because they are a minority, they are enslaved by a limited force and a vicious authoritarian regime formed by this force.

Serve the broad masses of people. It is afraid of culture and people's national thoughts. The more it thinks about it, the more scared it is, and the extreme panic comes.

Murder.