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1. Asia is mainly located in the eastern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere.

2. Asia covers an area of 44 million square kilometers. The largest of the seven continents. It is the widest continent in the world. It is the longest continent from east to west.

3. Asia can be divided into six regions: East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, North Asia and Central Asia.

4. Asia is bordered by the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Indian Ocean in the south, the Urals, ural river, the Great Caucasus and the Turkish Strait adjacent to Europe in the west. ; The southwest is adjacent to Africa through the Suez Canal. The Bering Strait separates Northeast China from North America. The south faces Oceania across the sea.

5. The topography of Asia is complex and diverse, and the central plateau is vast. The plains are distributed around the mainland.

6. The highest peak of Mount Everest is 8844 meters, and the lowest Dead Sea is -400 meters. The middle part is high and the surrounding terrain is relatively low.

7. Climate characteristics in Asia: complex and diverse, with remarkable monsoon climate and extensive continental climate distribution. The climate with the largest distribution area is temperate continental climate.

8. The best in the world

The highest plateau in the world: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Known as the roof of the world. The largest plateau in the world is the Brazilian Plateau.

The largest plain in Asia is the West Siberian Plain. The largest plain in the world is the Amazon Plain.

The Dead Sea is 400 meters below sea level and is the lowest land point in the world.

Himalayas is the highest and largest mountain range in the world. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

The highest and largest mountain system in the world is the Cordillera mountain system.

The largest peninsula in the world is Arabia. Malay Archipelago is the largest archipelago in the world.

The largest lake and the largest saltwater lake in the world is the Caspian Sea. The largest freshwater lake in the world is Lake Superior.

The deepest freshwater lake in the world with the largest storage capacity is Lake Baikal.

The Nile is the longest river in the world. The Amazon River is the largest river in the world.

1. 1 Asia and Europe

"Asia" and "Europa": Asia: the place of sunrise in the east; Europa: the place of sunset in the west.

The continental parts of Asia and Europe combined to form Eurasia. Asia is bordered by the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean on three sides, Europe in the west, Africa in the southwest and North America across the Bering Strait in the east. With an area of about 44 million square kilometers, Asia is the largest continent in the world. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea in the north, west and south, Asia in the east and Africa in the south.

Asian terrain dominated by plateaus and mountains: three characteristics: 1. Terrain is mainly plateau and mountain, with high average altitude;

2. The ground fluctuates greatly, and the height varies greatly.

3. The terrain is high in the middle and low around.

Terrain difference:

Asia and Europe

The continent with the highest average altitude is the lowest in the world.

The relative height fluctuates greatly on the ground, and the height difference is small.

The main terrain is plateau and mountain plain.

The terrain is high in the middle, and the surrounding plains and mountains are mainly distributed on the south and north sides.

Complex and diverse Asian climate: complex and diverse: continental characteristics are remarkable; Monsoon is the most powerful, typical and influential.

Asia with many rivers: most rivers originate in the central plateau and mountains and flow radially into the sea along the terrain;

The internal flow area is very large.

Asian population and countries: Asia is the most populous continent in the world, with a total population of 3.672 billion in 2000, accounting for about 60% of the world's total population. Most countries in the world with a population of over 1 100 million are in Asia.

1.2 Africa

The continent with the largest number of countries: "Africa" is the "scorching sun". Africa is located in the western part of the old hemisphere, across the equator. It borders the Indian Ocean in the east, the Atlantic Ocean in the west, Europe across the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar in the north, the narrow Red Sea between the northeast and Asia, and the Suez Canal as the land boundary. There are 54 independent countries in Africa, the largest number in the world. The African continent has a vast plateau, which is called "Plateau continent".

The Sahara Desert, located in the north of Africa, is the largest desert in the world, accounting for about the whole continent.

Hot climate: Africa is the continent with the largest arid area in the world.

African savanna is the largest area in all continents.

Climate characteristics: high temperature; A vast arid area; Climate types are distributed symmetrically in the north and south.

Rich in resources: Africa has a vast territory and rich and diverse products, and is known as the "rich continent".

The reserves and output of diamonds, gold, chromite and phosphate are among the highest in the world.

An economy in urgent need of development:

1.3 USA

"New World": America is short for "America".

The natural environment between the north and the south is different: the average altitude in North America is relatively high, and the terrain fluctuates greatly. The terrain is divided into three north-south longitudinal zones: the west is a tall mountain system, the middle is a vast plain, and the east is a low highland. Immigration and economy

Chapter II Understanding the Region

2. 1 Southeast Asia

Include zhina Peninsula and Malay Archipelago.

Southeast Asia is located in the southeast of Asia, including the Indian zhina Peninsula and most of the Malay Archipelago. The northern part of Indochina Peninsula is high and steep, which is connected with the mountains and rivers of China. Mountains and rivers extend from north to south, forming a surface form with alternating mountains and rivers and vertical distribution. Malay Archipelago is the general name of more than 20,000 islands scattered between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Most islands in the Malay archipelago are rugged, with many mountains and rivers, and few plains and swift rivers. Indonesia is the country with the most volcanoes in the world and is called "Volcano Country". Japan is called "the country of earthquakes"

Regional topographic features and river features

The mountains and rivers of zhina Peninsula alternate from north to south.

The Malay archipelago is rugged, short and swift.

Malacca Strait: Southeast Asia is at the "crossroads" between Asia and the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean, and is an important hub for world shipping and air transportation.

Rich in minerals: natural rubber, oil palm, coconut and other tropical cash crops are important producing areas in the world. The output and export of natural rubber and palm oil in Thailand rank first in the world. The Philippines is the country that produces coconut and exports coconut oil the most in the world. Indonesia's oil and Malaysia's tin rank first in the world.

The largest settlement of overseas Chinese: Southeast Asia is one of the most densely populated areas in the world.

The population is concentrated in alluvial plains, estuarine deltas and coastal plains, while the tropical rain forest areas in mountainous areas and islands are sparsely populated.

2.2 South Asia

South Asian subcontinent: South Asia is the vast area between the central and western parts of the sub-Himalayas and the Indian Ocean. It borders the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west, with a total area of about 4.3 million square kilometers.

Three regions: Himalayas, Ganges Plain and Deccan Plateau.

A year is divided into three seasons: March-May is the hot season; June-10 is the rainy season; The cool season is 1 1 until February of the following year.

Religion and society: Buddhism; Hinduism; Islam in Pakistan.

Population and economy: South Asia is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with a population of about 65.438+0.3 billion, accounting for more than 654.38+0.5 of the world population.

2.3 West Asia

Land of five seas and three continents: Mediterranean; Black sea; Caspian sea; Red sea; Arabian sea. Asia; Africa; Europe

This is also the famous "Silk Road" in ancient China.

Agriculture and animal husbandry in arid environment: crops need water for irrigation, especially in Israel.

Arab countries: religion: the birthplace of Christianity, Judaism and Islam

World oil treasure house: accounting for 25% of the world's total output. Shipped out through the Persian Gulf. Oil export route:

2.5 Western Europe

1. Western Europe has a dense population and many countries, most of which are developed countries. Its economy is diversified, mainly in manufacturing, traditional animal husbandry and prosperous tourism.

2. The European Union is a regional international organization with close political and economic ties. At present, * * * has 25 member countries, using the unified currency euro.

3. London, France, Rome, Italy and Berlin, Germany.

4. Most of Western Europe is located in the north temperate zone, and the temperate maritime climate is widely distributed. The terrain is mainly plain and the animal husbandry is developed. People call pasture "green gold". British animal husbandry accounts for 70% of the total agricultural output value. Holland and Denmark are world-famous dairy countries.

There are many tourist destinations in western Europe, such as London Bridge in England, windmill in Holland, Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, bullfighting in Spain, and fjord scenery in Norway.

Country: Spain France Britain Germany Italy

Topography and Peninsula: Scandinavia, Western Europe Plain, Bode Plain, Alps, ④ Apennine Peninsula.

Ocean and Strait: ⑤ Norwegian Sea ⑤ North Sea ⑧ Baltic Sea ⑨ English Channel ⑨ Mediterranean Sea ⑩ Gibraltar Strait.