Why did Deng Zhou's rebellion hurt Ming?

As the last unified dynasty in the history of China, the Ming Dynasty was full of lamentation. However, during the 200-year existence of the Ming Dynasty, there were many jaw-dropping hilarious incidents, such as the power struggle between Ming Yingzong and Ming Daizong, which failed to go to court for 30 years.

But when it comes to this incident, it must be much more ridiculous than other events, that is, the Dengzhou rebellion caused by a chicken, also known as the Wuqiao mutiny. Although the rebellion was finally suppressed successfully by the Ming government, both the cost in this process and the chain effect caused afterwards were extremely profound and painful for the Ming dynasty, and the comedy behind it was therefore covered with a tragic color.

The whole story of Dengzhou uprising

1, a chicken as a direct result of a large-scale rebellion.

By the end of the Ming Dynasty, the late Jin established by Nurhachi became the most troublesome enemy of the Ming Dynasty, especially after Huang Taiji ascended the throne, which greatly enhanced the military strength of the late Jin and always posed a fatal threat to the border defense of the Ming Dynasty. For the Ming dynasty, if we want to stick to Liaodong, we must build a military town in Dalinghe area.

Therefore, the two sides launched a protracted struggle here. Yuan Chonghuan once built two construction projects here, but both failed. And the third construction task was handed over to Zu Dashou. But Zu Dashou is surrounded by late gold here: It is the most cunning to dig four trenches against the encirclement of slaves. It is difficult to bend, and all the equipment is ready. ? Trapped in the point of running out of ammunition and food, he is in urgent need of court rescue.

Kong Youde and others began to step onto the stage of history? Shine brightly? . Kong Youde intended to go to the Daling River area by water quickly for rescue, but the weather was bad, and a typhoon directly blew him back to his original place, so he had to go by land. But he was unlucky, too. It rained and snowed all the way, and because of the emergency of the war, he needed to run around with all his strength.

So when we arrived at Wuqiao, the rescue forces were already in a state of extreme fatigue, and the materials could not keep up. Soldiers complain about no accommodation? . However, such an army, which needed to go to the front, was immediately shut down on the way, that is to say, people didn't sell any materials they wanted to buy.

In this case, a soldier forcibly ate a chicken of Wang Xiangchun, a prominent family in Shandong at that time, and the servants of the Wang family also came to the door. As the saying goes, the strong will not crush the local strongmen. Such a thing happened, Kong Youde naturally did not dare to offend Wang Xiangchun's family, so he punished the soldier according to the military discipline. But the soldier was very angry and killed the servant in a rage.

So Wang Xiangchun's son refused to scratch, so Kong Youde had to kill the soldier. At this time, because Shandong merchants bid up the price of horses, Li Jiucheng spent the original money to buy horses but didn't buy a corresponding number of horses. Afraid of being punished and indignant, the two hit it off and decided to turn against each other.

The Ming government paid a huge price in the process of putting down the rebellion.

At first, the rebel Kong Youde was completely swept. With Geng's help, they successfully occupied Dengzhou and made it their base camp.

It is worth mentioning that Sun, as the boss of Kong Youde and others, saved his life because of Kong Youde's old love in this rebellion, but he finally died in the counter-insurgency of the Ming government. In the face of this rebellion, the officials of the Ming Dynasty initially thought of surrender, fearing war, which undoubtedly fueled the arrogance of Kong Youde and others. Are Laizhou soldiers and civilians there? Prepare straw food, set up guards and lock the enemy up for several months. In the case of death, it finally laid the foundation for the success of this counterinsurgency.

However, relying on the original relationship and its outstanding military talents, Kong Youde's power was constantly strengthened during the rebellion. Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong and However, with the arrival of reinforcements in the Ming Dynasty, Sun Youde was gradually defeated by the enemy, and soon he was trapped in Dengzhou City and fell into a critical state.

Under such circumstances, Sun Youde chose to lead tens of thousands of soldiers to break through the city, and finally surrendered to the late Jin Dynasty: I have long admired Ming Khan for collecting heroes in China. Those who have the heart of Yao, Shun, Tang and Wu, but have no goals, still have to sweat to show their great embrace. A little cheeky and unscrupulous.

The influence of the Dengzhou Rebellion on the Ming Dynasty far exceeded the war itself.

1, the Ming government paid a huge price to pacify the war.

In fact, the occurrence of the Dengzhou Rebellion completely made the Ming government at a loss, which made the rebels show such a stable situation in the early days. Kong Youde first captured Dengzhou from the inside, and then relied on other generals who were close to him before and the reward policy, which made the rebel war spread to the whole Shandong.

Yu Dacheng, the governor of Shandong province, became a vegetarian after thousands of rebels were sent to fail, reciting Buddhist scriptures all day? An Baili Du Yuan? , once again exacerbated the momentum of the rebels.

Although the rebellion was finally put down, it cost countless soldiers, equipment, money, food and so on, which made the Ming government, which was already at a disadvantage in the war with the late Jin Dynasty, suffer great harm again. In addition, the strategic threat of Denglai and Dongjiang Town to the late Jin Dynasty almost disappeared, and the policy of containing the late Jin Dynasty by sea could not be started, so the Ming Dynasty could only turn into a passive defensive posture, which had far-reaching influence.

2. Shandong province, which has a good economic development, is seriously damaged.

Was it because of Shandong when the Ming Dynasty was first established? Is there no man's land? Encouraging people to open up wasteland for planting soon became a land with a lot of cultivated land, which was more than three times as large as that in the Northern Song Dynasty. With Judy's move to Beijing and the development of water transportation on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Shandong has become a place with developed transportation and prosperous economy.

And Dengzhou and Laizhou are more because? Both are close to the sea, which is the main road between Korea and Japan. Our geographical position has become the center of commerce and trade, and people are very busy. However, during the Dengzhou Rebellion, these two originally prosperous areas became the main battlefields and suffered extremely serious damage.

According to historical records, Dengzhou has been poisoned for more than a year. Thieves go to slaughter, villages are cities, and cities are bustling all the time. Economic construction is almost impossible. Especially the new town where Wang Xiangchun's family is located is even more terrible. The whole city was ransacked, slaughtered and laid waste. In addition, many generals and officials who have been guarding Shandong at this time have either died of resisting the rebels, died of crimes set by the court, or even been dismissed.

These were undoubtedly a huge disaster for Shandong at that time, and it was impossible to get over this tone for decades. For the Ming government, it not only lost its rich sources of tax revenue, but also the rear supply when guarding the front line of Liaodong was difficult to keep up in a short time.

3. Houjin owns a large number of guns with advanced technology.

In Kong Youde's surrender letter to Hou Jin, it is described as follows: In addition, this handsome man has tens of thousands of armored soldiers, 100 canoes and various guns and firearms. With this equipment, we can go hand in hand with Mingkhan. Who dares to be the enemy of Khan? The strength and equipment of its army are vividly displayed. In the battle between the Ming Dynasty and the latter Jin Dynasty, although the latter Jin army maintained certain advantages in weapons and direct combat effectiveness, all kinds of advanced artillery in the Ming Dynasty were always huge stones in their hearts, which made them fidgety.

However, Kong Youde's surrender made the equipment disadvantage of Houjin supplemented. First of all, although Kong Youde's army has suffered huge losses in previous battles, most of the rest have strong fighting capacity, which can undoubtedly serve as a pioneer in the war against Ming. In addition to bringing a large number of artillery ordnance, Kong Youde's army also has many experienced weapons maintenance and use personnel.

With the existence of these people, Houjin can gradually cultivate an artillery unit that is not weaker than the Ming Dynasty. So Huang taiji attached great importance to Kong Youde's surrender and personally led many Baylor in the most grand place ten miles away from Shengjing? A hug? Come and meet.

The occurrence of the Dengzhou Rebellion has deeper reasons.

1, the subsequent impact of Mao's death.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming army failed many times in the battle with Houjin, which made Houjin gain a firm foothold in Liaodong and always coveted the Ming border. In this case, Mao led the army to establish a military base in Dongjiang Town in Pidao and other places, which posed a great threat to the rear of the late Jin Dynasty.

From this point of view, Mao should have made great contributions to the Ming government. But he was arrogant, far away in the hinterland of the Ming Dynasty, and did not listen to Yuan Chonghuan's orders.

So, without telling the emperor, Yuan Chonghuan killed Mao with a trick and set up another general to govern Dongjiang Town. However, Mao has been operating in Sandongjiang Town for many years and is deeply loved by local foot soldiers. The lieutenant general on the island cried when he heard of his death. Kong Youde, Geng and others, as the main force of the insurgents, were once trusted and reused by Mao.

Although these people usually obey the imperial court, they always bear a grudge against the Ming government, and the rebellion in Dengzhou is also the result of their revenge. Throughout the whole Dengzhou Rebel Army, many generals who joined the Rebel Army were more or less related to Mao, which shows the deep political influence of Mao.

2. The society of Ming Dynasty fell into apathy.

The direct cause of the chaos in Dengzhou is actually an argument about a chicken. Kong Youde's army came all the way to defend against the enemy, not to mention being welcomed by ordinary people. It's always okay to buy materials normally. However, the local people just don't sell, or even drive up the price of horses, so that they can't even get strategic materials and can't explain to them.

Besides, some soldiers were so hungry that they had to force a chicken to eat. However, the servant actually used his master's power to come to the army to ask for an explanation, and his behavior was extremely excessive. Such an indifferent society undoubtedly chilled the hearts of the army, naturally unwilling to defend them, and made a rebellion in a rage.

abstract

In fact, the occurrence of the Dengzhou Uprising was very accidental. Whether it was the natural environment or the humanistic society in Dengzhou at that time, which was a little better for Kong Youde would not cause the most extreme situation. However, it was such a coincidence that no one expected the rebellion.

Although Emperor Chongzhen devoted his whole life to supporting this building to be demolished, he was completely unable to continue the precarious Ming Dynasty in the face of such complicated internal and external situation and his limited ability. In the rebellion in Dengzhou, the problem of chickens is not important. What matters is how a society and a country treat soldiers who defend their country.

References:

1. Wuqiao mutiny: a rebellion caused by chickens and dogs.

2. Draft history of Qing Dynasty