What looted cultural relics in the history of China later returned to China?

The return of cultural relics to China in recent years is inseparable from the enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength. Generally speaking, there are two ways for cultural relics to return to China: state begging and folk returning by purchasing.

Among them, there are some famous cultural relics return events, such as

After the Revolution of 1911, Wang Xun's Yuan Bo Post and Wang Xianzhi's Mid-Autumn Post flowed out of the palace and were collected by Guo Shiwu under Yuan Shikai. After Guo Shiwu's death, Guo Zhaojun, his son, brought "Hill" to Hong Kong because of financial distress, mortgaged it to a British bank and lived on a loan. Seeing that its loan is about to expire, if there is no money to redeem it, this rare treasure will be auctioned by the bank as usual. Because many foreign institutions and collectors were particularly envious at that time, if "Hill" was auctioned by banks, national treasures would probably flow abroad.

1951September, Zheng Zhenduo, then the first director of the Cultural Relics Bureau of New China, was ordered by Premier Zhou Enlai to lead a China cultural delegation to visit India and Myanmar. During my short stay in Hong Kong, I learned that the lost national treasure "Hill" may be bought by foreign countries in Hong Kong and reported to the Central Committee urgently. Zheng Zhenduo told Xu, a famous Hong Kong connoisseur, to find a way to stabilize the Guo family and wait for remittance from the mainland to save him. Xu Jiaobo immediately found Guo Zhaojun and showed him his righteousness. Then, Xu used his numerous connections in the Hong Kong banking industry to dredge the British bank, promised that Guo Zhaojun would be responsible for repayment, and came forward to guarantee himself to take out the "Hill" mortgaged by Guo in the bank, and then left Hong Kong for Macao with Guo Zhaojun's "Hill" according to the arrangement of his superiors.

165438+1October 5th, Premier Zhou Enlai personally wrote to Ma Xulun (then deputy director of the the State Council Municipal Commission of Culture and Education) and others, instructing them to "agree to buy back the Mid-Autumn Post in Wang Xianzhi and the Yuan Bo Post in Wang Xun". The successful repurchase of Mid-Autumn Post and Yuan Bo Post became an important event in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, which was called a beautiful talk.

1945, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Daqian flew from Chengdu to Beijing, and at the end of that year accepted the "Han Xizai Night Banquet" with a huge sum of 500 taels of gold.

195 1 year, Zhang Daqian returned to Hong Kong from India. At that time, Xu, the head of the secret "acquisition team" established with the support of Premier Zhou Enlai, was closely related to Zhang Daqian. Zheng Zhenduo instructed Xu to try to acquire China's famous paintings and calligraphy works through Zhang Daqian. Xu took advantage of his position as a senior employee and famous collector of HSBC to take care of Zhang Daqian's life. Zhang Daqian is very grateful to him and regards him as a confidant. After the Korean War broke out, Zhang Daqian wanted to immigrate to South America with his family. After receiving this news, Zheng Zhenduo quickly wrote to Xu, instructing him to contact Zhang Daqian more. First, he hopes to return to the mainland. Second, I hope that through his relationship, I can find a way to buy some ancient China calligraphy and paintings that have been lost to overseas countries such as the United States and Japan.

Recently, cultural relics between countries have also been returned. For example, the United States returned a large number of cultural relics to China last year.