Can anyone tell me about Iceland’s climate, economy, and geographical location?

Physical Geography

With an area of ??103,000 square kilometers, it is the second largest island in Europe. It is the westernmost country in Europe, located in the middle of the North Atlantic. Its capital Reykjavik is close to the Arctic Circle in the north. 1/8 of Iceland is covered by glaciers, with an area of ????8,000 square kilometers and a coastline of about 4,970 kilometers. The entire Iceland is a bowl-shaped highland, surrounded by coastal mountains and a plateau in the middle. Most of them are platforms. Most of the platform heights are between 400 and 800 meters. Some peaks can reach 1,300 to 1,700 meters. The highest peak in Iceland is Wanadalshnuk (2,119 meters). The lowland area is very small, and there are marine plains and glacial alluvial plains in the west and southwest. The plain area accounts for about 7% of the island. The coastline without glacier flow is irregular, with many fjords and small bays. Other coastal areas are mainly sandy beaches, with sandbars off the coast forming lagoons.

Iceland has more than 100 volcanoes and is known as the "Arctic Fire Island". There are 200 to 300 volcanoes in total and 40 to 50 active volcanoes. The main volcanoes are Laki volcano, Warner Dals volcano, Hekla volcano, Katla volcano and so on. Huaynadalshenuk volcano is the highest peak in the country, with an altitude of 2119 meters. Almost the entire country of Iceland is built on volcanic rocks, and most of the land cannot be cultivated. The volcanic activity on the southwest coast from 1963 to 1967 formed a small island of about 2.1 square kilometers.

Iceland is the country with the most hot springs in the world, so it is called the "Land of Ice and Fire". There are about 250 alkaline hot springs on the island, and the largest hot spring can produce 200 liters of spring water per second.

Iceland has many fountains, waterfalls, lakes and rapid rivers. The largest river, the Sijursau River, is 227 kilometers long. Iceland has a cold temperate maritime climate, which is constantly changing. Due to the influence of the North Atlantic warm current, it is milder than other places at the same latitude. Daylight is long in summer and very short in winter. Aurora can be seen in autumn and early winter. Iceland is known as the "volcanic island", "fog island", "frozen land" and "ice and fire island".

Geothermal resources are abundant and hot springs are widely distributed.

Climate

It is located at high latitudes, with a temperate oceanic climate in the south and a tundra climate in the north.

It is deeply affected by the North Atlantic Warm Current, which mainly flows from its south, and there is one that goes around its west and north. Therefore, although it is located near the Arctic Circle, the temperature in winter is not low, and the temperature in summer is between 7 and 12 degrees Celsius across the island.

Located near the low pressure center in Iceland, the weather is changeable. The cyclone brings abundant precipitation to Iceland. The average annual precipitation in the southwest and west is between 1000 and 2000 mm, and the north and northeast are less, ranging from 400 to 600 mm. No matter what the season, there is a chance of rain and snow.

Hydrology

Rivers flow out radially from the central plateau. The main rivers include: Fjordrum Glacier, etc. Iceland Iceland is not only the center of the Quaternary ice sheet, but there are still modern glaciers distributed on the plateau, mainly shield-shaped ice cap glaciers, but also a small number of cirque glaciers, accounting for 11.5% of the island's area. The main ones are Vatnaj?kull, Langj?kull, Hofsj?kull and Mida Glacier. Vatnaj?kull covers an area of ??8,450 square kilometers and is between a few hundred meters and 2 kilometers thick. It is the largest in the world after Antarctica and Greenland. of glaciers.

Vegetation

The tundra is widespread and grassland accounts for 24% of the area, so animal husbandry is relatively developed. The forest area accounts for about 1.37%, distributed in leeward and sunny slopes and valleys. It is dominated by birch shrubs. In recent decades, many European and American cold-resistant pines and cypresses have been introduced and are growing well.

Geology and landforms

Since the late Miocene, it has been formed by the accumulation of upper mantle material overflowing from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Rift Valley. It is a volcanic island. The rocks that make up Iceland are all volcanic rocks, with basalt being the most widely distributed, as well as andesite, rhyolite, etc.

Iceland’s geothermal wonders There are many volcanoes on the island, and it is known as the "Arctic Fire Island". There are 200 to 300 volcanoes and 40 to 50 active volcanoes. The main volcanoes are Laki volcano, Warner Dals volcano, Hekla volcano, Katla volcano and so on.

Volcanic activity on the southwest coast from 1963 to 1967 formed a small island of approximately 2.1 square kilometers. Iceland has the highest number of hot springs in the world. There are about 250 alkaline hot springs on the island. The largest hot spring can produce 200 liters of spring water per second.

In terms of basic terrain, the entire Iceland is a bowl-shaped highland, surrounded by coastal mountains and a plateau in the middle. Most of them are platforms. Most of the platform heights are between 400 and 800 meters. Some peaks can reach 1,300 to 1,700 meters. The highest peak in Iceland is Wanadalshnuk (2,119 meters). The lowland area is very small, and there are marine plains and glacial alluvial plains in the west and southwest. The plain area accounts for about 7% of the island. The coastline without glacier flow is irregular, with many fjords and small bays. Other coastal areas are mainly beaches, and the sandbanks outside the coast form lagoons.

Geothermal resources are abundant and hot springs are widely distributed.

Historical Geography

Iceland was the last uninhabited country in the world before Scandinavians and Celts immigrated to it in the 9th and 10th centuries. Big island. Iceland is proud to have established the world's earliest parliament (Icelandic: Al?ingi) in 930 AD, although this parliament did not function for long thereafter. There is some written evidence that Irish monks lived in Iceland before the arrival of northerners, but there is no archaeological evidence to support this. The Norsemen used this as a springboard to enter Greenland.

Iceland maintained its independence for 300 years and was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Before the division of the United Kingdom of Denmark and Norway in 1814 under the Treaty of Kiel, Iceland was a colony of the King of Norway, and thereafter became a client state of Denmark. In 1874, the Danish government granted Iceland limited autonomy. In 1918, Iceland further gained independence and sovereignty similar to that of a protectorate in domestic affairs. Denmark still retained power in foreign affairs and defense. In 1940, Nazi Germany occupied Denmark during World War II, and the Allied forces occupied Iceland in the same year. The Danish king continued to maintain legal rule until the establishment of the Republic of Iceland in 1944.

The new Republic of Korea is a member of NATO and signed an agreement with the United States to defend Iceland in 1949. According to this agreement, the United States maintained a military base in Keflavík until the unilateral withdrawal of U.S. forces at the end of September 2006. As of yet Iceland does not have its own army.

In the decades after the war, Iceland's economy relied on fishing, and it had several conflicts with neighboring countries because of this biological resource, including the famous "Cod War" with Britain. In recent years, the economy has gradually diversified due to heavy investment in heavy industry, the aluminum smelting industry has developed, and economic sectors have been liberalized and privatized. Iceland is a member of the European Economic Area through the EEA but has never applied to join the EU.

On May 12, 2007, a parliamentary election was held. Of the 63 seats in the ***, the Independence Party won 24 seats, the Social Democratic Alliance won 18 seats, the left-wing Green Movement won 9 seats, the Progress Party won 8 seats, and the Icelandic Freedom Party won 4 seats.

At the end of the 8th century, Irish monks first immigrated to Iceland.

In the second half of the 9th century, Norway began to immigrate to Iceland. In 930 AD, the Parliament and the Federation of Iceland were established.

In 1262, Iceland and Norway signed an agreement, and Iceland belonged to Norway. In 1380, Iceland and Norway came under Danish rule.

In 1904, it gained internal autonomy. In 1918, Iceland signed a federal law, which stipulated that Iceland was a sovereign state, but foreign affairs were still controlled by Denmark.

Denmark was occupied by Germany in 1940, and relations with Iceland were severed. In the same year, the British troops stationed in Ice, and the following year the US military replaced the British troops stationed in Ice.

On June 16, 1944, the Ice Dan Council officially announced the dissolution of the Ice Dan Alliance, and the Icelandic Republic was established on the 17th.

Joined the United Nations in 1946.

Became a member of NATO in 1949.

Resource Geography

It is rich in fishery, hydraulic and geothermal resources, but lacks other natural resources, and products such as petroleum need to be imported. The annual hydroelectric power generation capacity that can be developed is 64 billion kilowatt-hours, and the annual geothermal energy power generation capacity can reach 7.2 billion kilowatt-hours.

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Administrative geography

The country is divided into 23 provinces, 21 municipalities and 203 parishes.