Summarize the reasons of population migration in the middle of Qing Dynasty.

There were two large-scale population migrations in Qing Dynasty.

The first time was when Huguang filled Sichuan.

The second time was the large-scale migration of Han people into the customs (commonly known as "going to the East")

In fact, Huguang filled Sichuan twice: in the early Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty.

First, during the Yuan Dynasty, Sichuan was slaughtered by Mongols and caused by civil strife. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang encouraged Huguang and other places to immigrate to Sichuan.

Second, in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the battles of the Qing army, civil strife and Zhang in Sichuan caused many massacres, and the San Francisco Rebellion launched by Wu Sangui in Sichuan led to a sharp drop in population. After the Kangxi rebellion, the "Recruiting People to Fill Sichuan" was promulgated, stipulating that new immigrants could be exempted from tax for several years; During the period of 100, about 6 million people moved to Sichuan, including 3 million people from Hubei and Hunan. Large-scale migration even affected the population structure of Huguang province itself, so there was the situation of Jiangxi filling Huguang.

The second time was in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, when Russia invaded the northeast of China to prevent Russian invasion.

In Qing Dynasty, the "fiefs" in Northeast China were partially opened in 1860 and completely opened in 1897. Later, an encouraging policy was adopted, and a large number of immigrants from Shandong, Hebei and North China moved to the Northeast. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the total number of immigrants exceeded100000.

19 10 The total population of Northeast China has increased to180,000. During the period of the Republic of China (19 12- 1949), "going to the east" surged, with nearly 40 million people (data from China demography) on the eve of New China, and the northeast was sinicized.

The people who "go east" are mainly from Shandong and Hebei. It can be said that most modern northeast people are descendants of Shandong people and Hebei people, especially Shandong people.