65438+ What just wars or events promoted historical progress in China, India, the United States, Russia and Japan in 1950s and 1960s?

I. China Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement

During the period from the first year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty to the third year of Tongzhi (1851-kloc-0/864), the leading group composed of Hong Xiuquan, Yang, Xiao Chaogui, Feng Yunshan, Wei Changhui and Shi Dakai took the lead in launching a peasant uprising war against feudal rule and foreign capitalist aggression from Jintian Village, Guangxi.

It was the largest anti-Qing movement in China in the middle of19th century. 1864, with the fall of Tianjing, the capital of Taiping Tianjing, the movement failed.

Second, the Indian national uprising

It refers to the uprising from 1857 to 1859, which took place in northern and central India and was led by Indian feudal lords with Indian mercenaries as the backbone to resist British colonial rule and strive for national independence. The main leaders are Queen Zhang Xi and Bahadur Shah II.

This uprising ended the British system of managing India through the East India Company and put India under the direct rule of Britain, so it is often regarded as India's first war of independence.

Third, the American Civil War.

The only civil war in American history was fought by the United States in the north and the United States in the south.

The war began with the shelling of Fort Sumter by the Southern Union and ended with the victory of the Northern Union. At the beginning of the war, the north fought for national unity, and later, it evolved into a revolutionary war to eliminate slavery.

Fourth, Russian serfdom reform.

The serfdom was abolished and serfs became "free men", which provided a large number of free labor for the development of capitalism. Huge land ransom has accumulated a lot of money for the development of capitalism.

Russia has since embarked on the road of capitalist development. The reform in 186 1 was a major turning point in Russian history.

At the same time, the reform of 186 1 also retained a large number of feudal remnants, which had a negative impact on the later development of Russian society. The democratic revolution is still a historic revolution facing the development of Russian society.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Meiji Restoration in Japan

It refers to the top-down, all-round westernization and modernization reform movement of capitalism carried out by Japan under the impact of western capitalist industrial civilization in the late 1960s.

This reform began in 1868 when Emperor Meiji established a new government, and the Japanese government carried out modern political reforms and established a constitutional monarchy.

Economically, we should carry out "industrialized production", learn from European and American technologies, carry out a wave of industrialization, advocate "civilization", Europeanize social life, and vigorously develop education.

This reform has made Japan the first country in Asia to embark on the road of industrialization and gradually become one of the world powers. This is the beginning of Japan's modernization and an important turning point in Japan's modern history.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement

Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Civil War