The history of the black storm

Since18th century, a large number of immigrants came to the western plains of the United States, which led to three black storms in 1930s. 1A storm in May, 934, which lasted for three days and nights, blew from the west coast to the east coast, forming a gray-yellow dust belt with a length of 2400 kilometers from east to west, a width of 2400 kilometers from north to south and a height of 3400 meters. The storm moved eastward at a speed of more than 100 km per hour, sweeping across the North American continent, sandstorms and dark days. In Kazakhstan region of Central Asia, due to the large-scale reclamation of wasteland in the 1950s, a large area of soil erosion occurred, and sandstorms similar to those in the 1930s in the United States also occurred. In the desert of1160,000 square kilometers in northern China, 39% is desertification caused by sandstorms caused by human factors.

Sandstorm is a sudden and high-intensity sandstorm disaster. The direct economic loss caused by this in China is as high as 4.5 billion yuan every year. Northwest China, including Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Shaanxi (north of Qinling Mountains) and central and western Inner Mongolia, is a sandstorm-prone area in China. 1On May 5, 1993, a severe sandstorm caused huge losses in parts of Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, with 85 people killed, 264 disabled and 3/kloc-0 missing, resulting in a direct economic loss of 725 million yuan. Sandstorms have seriously affected the economic development in these areas.

Xilin Gol League also experienced black storm weather with almost zero visibility.

1934 the American black storm event lasted for three days.

1934 in may 12, a huge storm swept through a large area of land in the eastern United States and western Canada (in some areas). The storm came from the arid area with the most serious land damage in the western United States. Strong winds rolled up yellow dust, covered the sky and swept eastward, forming a huge moving dust belt with a length of 2400 kilometers from east to west, a width of 1.500 kilometers from north to south and a height of 3.2 kilometers. At that time, the sediment content in the air reached 40 tons/cubic kilometer. The storm lasted for three days and swept over two-thirds of the land in the United States. More than 300 million tons of soil was washed away by the storm. Where the wind passes, wells and streams dry up and a large number of cattle and sheep die. People left their homes and were displaced, and the North American continent was desolate. This was the North American Black Storm that shocked the whole world at that time. Black storms, also known as strong sandstorms, have occurred several times in the United States, mainly because of vegetation destruction caused by land reclamation in the United States during the pioneering period.

Sadly, the pioneering work of mankind has not been put to rest because of the occurrence of sandstorms, so sandstorms have not disappeared. Some countries in the former Soviet Union and South America have been attacked by wind erosion for many times due to deforestation and vegetation destruction.

Black Storm Events in the Soviet Union in 1950s

In 1950s, the Soviet Union organized large-scale reclamation in western Siberia and the northern part of Kazakh hills (namely, the western Siberian plain). This area belongs to the arid grassland with the transition from grassland belt to semi-desert belt. The climate is dry, the precipitation variability is high and the annual frequency of drought is high. This area is flat, and there is no barrier to prevent the invasion of cold air from the polar regions and Siberia. There are often 6~8 gale in winter and spring. The gale in winter often blows away all the snow in the farmland, and sandstorms often form in late spring.

Until the mid-1960s, the Soviet Union took a series of measures to control the Black Storm on the basis of summarizing the large-scale reclamation.