Tell us about the historical records from the Tubo War to the Tang Dynasty’s marriage proposal

The Shannan area where Jiacha County is located is the birthplace of the *** ethnic group. Historically, Jiacha County has been home to many talented people. The most outstanding representatives include Lu Dongzan, a famous virtuous official of the Tubo Dynasty, who once served as an envoy. In the Tang Dynasty, he won the praise of Tang Taizong Li Shi with his intelligence and wisdom, and made great contributions to Songzang Gampo's successful marriage to Princess Wencheng, creating a story of Sino-Tibetan marriage and national unity.

When Songtsen Gampo was Zanpu, he used Qiongbo Bangse as his prime minister. Qiongbo conspired to rebel against Zanpu and committed suicide.

Ludongzan was highly trusted because he succeeded him as prime minister.

In 640, he was ordered by Zanpu to go to the Tang Dynasty to propose marriage. The following year, the Tang Dynasty awarded her the rank of General Youwei and protected Princess Wencheng to Tubo.

In 650, Songtsan Gampo died, and his grandson succeeded him as Zanpu. When he was young, Ludongzan took sole charge of state affairs. During his reign, he conquered the border areas. , stipulating taxes and laws, distinguishing between "Gui" (warriors) and "Yong" (slaves), and conducting household registration checks, which played a significant role in the development of Tubo's social, economic, and political systems.

Ludong praised Shen Yong for being strategic, good at changing situations, and using troops in a controlled manner. Tubo relied on it and became a strong country.

He died in 667. A few years before his death, he stayed in Tuyuhun.

After his death, his sons (or grandsons) Qinling and Zanpo continued to be in power. Ludongzan and his descendants controlled the military and political power of Tubo for nearly fifty years.

The story of Songtsan Gampo sending Ludongzan to Chang'an to request intermarriage

In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Songtsan Gampo ascended the throne as Tubo (the ancestor of the Tibetan people). Pu (King) was only thirteen years old. He relied on Lunke'er, Shang Nang and other auxiliary ministers to suppress the rebellion and unify Tubo.

When the Tang Empire dominated the Central Plains, Songtsen Gampo also dominated the snowy plateau, completed the annexation of some small countries, made Luosuo (today's *** Autonomous Region***) the capital, and established unified the Tubo Dynasty and actively sought to establish close relations with the Tang Dynasty.

Beginning in 634 AD, he twice sent the eloquent, clever and witty Prime Minister Lu Dongzan as envoy to Chang'an to propose marriage to the Tang Emperor.

In 641 AD, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty finally agreed to Songtsan Gambo's request for marriage and agreed to marry the clan daughter Princess Wencheng to him.

So Princess Wencheng, accompanied by the Tang and Tibetan envoys and attendants, embarked on the long ancient road of Tang and Tibet.

The legend about Lu Dongzan's mission to Chang'an, and the story that he used his intelligence and wisdom to solve many problems set by the Tang emperor and finally married Songtsan Gambo to the beautiful and kind-hearted Princess Wencheng, is in There are many records in Tibetan folktales.

According to the Tibetan folk story, after Songtsen Gampo took control of the Tubo regime, he sent minister Galdongtsen to the Tang Dynasty to propose marriage.

Tang Taizong asked five difficult questions to test the envoys from various countries who came to propose marriage. Whoever can outwit the princess will marry the king of that country.

The first question is to use silk thread to thread the nine-curved jade.

Envoys from other countries could not pass through it. Galdongzan tied the ant's waist with a silk thread, placed it at the opening of the bead, and slowly blew air to let it crawl through, and the thread was pierced. .

The second test was to order each country's envoys to receive a hundred sheep and a hundred jars of wine; they had to kill the sheep, skin them, eat all the meat, knead the skins, and drink the wine.

Some of the other envoys fell drunk before they finished eating the meat, and some of the skins fell from exhaustion before they were kneaded properly.

Only Gal Dongzan ordered his followers to slowly drink from small bowls, knead the skin while eating and drinking, and finally completed the "task" assigned by the emperor.

The third time, Emperor Tang ordered his envoys to identify the mother-child relationship of one hundred mares and one hundred foals.

Galdongzan ordered the foal to be locked up alone for a night and was given only fodder and no water.

The next day, the foals were put to the mare, and the foals each recognized their mother and went to suckle.

In this way, the Tubo envoys won again.

The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty also ordered to take out a hundred wooden sticks as thick as the heads and tails, so that the envoys could identify the heads and ends.

Gal Dongzan pushed the wooden stick into the water. The head was heavy and the tail was light.

Finally, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty mixed Princess Wencheng among 300 beauties dressed exactly the same, and asked the envoys to identify her. The princess who recognized her could go with her.

Gal Dongzan first asked the old lady who had served Princess Wencheng to inquire about the princess's appearance and characteristics, and learned that the princess had a cinnabar red mole between her eyebrows.

The Tubo minister followed the instructions of the Han lady and finally recognized the princess.

So Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty married the princess to Songtsen Gampo. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to Princess Wencheng’s marriage to *** and not only prepared a lot of dowry for her, including poems, classics and history , farming, medicine, astronomy, calendar and other books, as well as grains, vegetables, fruit and tree seeds and various exquisite handicrafts.

In addition, various technical craftsmen and a palace band were also brought.

Buddhism was prevalent in the Tang Dynasty at that time, and Princess Wencheng was a devout Buddhist believer, so she brought a Buddha statue with her.

In the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (AD 641), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty sent Li Daozong, the Minister of Rites of the King of Jiangxia, to escort Princess Wencheng into Tibet.

Songtsan Gampo led his attendants and guards from *** to Baihai (today's Eling Lake and Zaling Lake area in Qinghai) to wait, and then went to Heyuan (today's Xinghai County, Qinghai) to welcome him .

Songtsen Gampo met with Li Daozong and respectfully performed the courtesy of his son-nephew. He constantly admired the beauty of the costumes and etiquette of the great country, showing a look of shame and dismay as he looked up and down.

After returning to *** with the princess, a grand wedding was held.

Songtsen Gampo was very happy that he could marry Princess Wencheng. He said: "No one in my father's generation can marry the Shang Kingdom. I am deeply grateful that I can marry Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty." It is an honor to build a city for the princess to show off to future generations." After the princess arrived in China, he ordered people to build a palace-style building for her to live in based on the architectural model of the Tang Dynasty. It can be said that "a golden house hides beauty."