The historical development process of Hunan

Ming Taizu pacified Jiangnan, expanded the Central Plains and conquered China in one fell swoop. Hunan people have regained equality of personality and returned to the normal development track. However, in the melee of southern warlords, Hunan was still weakened and its population dropped sharply again. Hong made the largest adjustment to the national population distribution in history. Objectively speaking, Hunan is not the most seriously damaged by foreign invasion. Before that, it was only destroyed by the war in the late Song Dynasty, which may not be as good as Sichuan, Guangdong or even Hubei. The most serious damage is the Central Plains, and Henan is the political and economic center of the Northern Song Dynasty. Once, it was densely populated and rich in the world. After the Song and Jin Wars, Jurchen threatened to make Henan people flee to the south, and the Central Plains was littered with ruins. But even so, Henan can still be the ruling center of the Jin Dynasty. As a result, during the Mongolian-Jin War, because the Han people in Henan supported the Jurchen, the Mongols not only bloodbath the Central Plains, but also turned the fertile fields of the Central Plains into pastures, which caused irreparable damage to the ecology of the Central Plains. Kaifeng was threatened by desertification for the first time, and the depression in Henan can be imagined. Having said that, I just want to let you know the historical background of the great immigrants in the early Ming Dynasty: the first priority is to enrich the Central Plains, and the second priority is to consolidate the frontier. Although Hunan is vast and sparsely populated, it has also become a province with a large population output. At the same time, the influx of Jiangxi people has greatly changed the population composition of Hunan. At present, Hunan aborigines only exist in Loudi area in central Hunan, and the mixture of immigrants from eastern Hunan constitutes the main body of Hunan culture, thus forming the new Hunan dialect area and the old Hunan dialect area. In western Hunan, northern Hunan and southern Hunan, a large number of military households built military forts to resist the invasion of barbarians. The sources of these military households are more complicated, generally speaking relatively standard Mandarin or the newly formed Southwest Mandarin. Hunan in Ming Dynasty still had a small population, developed economic and cultural undertakings, and produced some cultural celebrities such as Li Dongyang and Wang Fuzhi, but it was still a place with closed mind and backward culture. Hunan in Ming Dynasty basically formed local cultural characteristics similar to today's. Because the world has been peaceful for more than 200 years, Hunan became one of the export places of commodity grain in the country at the end of Ming Dynasty, and the people's life basically reached a well-off level. Compared with the southeast coastal areas and canal coastal areas where capitalism is budding, the economic level is still far behind. In Xiangxi, the military households gradually occupied the land of the Miao nationality and cut off their internal ties. Tusi and Miao people in a province in western Hunan were massacred, and a new Han province was established. Bad luck came again, because the civil war led to the collapse of the country, and Jianzhou fighters drove straight into the army that attacked Li Zicheng and successfully crossed the river to conquer Du Nan. Governor He Tengjiao led all the governors to guard Hunan, and the rest Li Zicheng and Zhang successively entered the Hunan Contract Army to participate in the Anti-Japanese War. The fighting in Hunan was not the fiercest, and He Tengjiao died the worst. With the fall of Hunan, Xiangtan and Changsha were slaughtered, while Liling, Xiangxiang, Wugang and Baoqing were abandoned. Only the mountainous areas in southern Hunan and Lizhou are slightly damaged. Most sub-stations of ethnic minorities in southwest China took part in the resistance movement on the side of the Ming Dynasty, and forged a blood feud with the Han people. After the Manchu entered Beijing, a part of southern Hunan, western Hubei and Hakkas moved out to enrich Sichuan, and a part of Jiangzuo refugees moved into central Hunan. During the Kangxi period, the population of Hunan increased rapidly, so a province was separated from Huguang Province, and Changsha was the capital. The sharp increase of inland population in Qing dynasty was realized under the situation of declining southeast coast. The provinces with a sharp increase in population are not only Hunan, but also Hubei, Sichuan and Henan. In Qing Dynasty, Hunan formed two major political forces, namely pro-Qing and anti-Qing. Most of the pro-Qing people are new immigrant cities and key garrison cities of the Eight Banners, while the anti-Qing people are mainly Han people born and raised. Indigenous people generally participate in the Heaven-Earth Society and the Senior Citizens' Society, and Hunan has always been an active area of the Senior Citizens' Society. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's army did not conquer Changsha, but it alarmed a considerable number of Hunan people. On the one hand, this makes them see the hope of recovery; On the other hand, it makes them doubt Confucianism; On the other hand, it makes Hunan people know more about what happened in Lingnan. These three points had a far-reaching impact on the later Hunan people-Hunan accounted for at least one third of the revolutionaries who fiercely opposed the Qing Dynasty, and fierce anti-Confucius elements were among them ... Although Hunan people put out the kingdom of Tian Ping, it was also Hunan people who stood up and criticized Zeng Guofan first, such as Tan Sitong. It was the soldiers of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, not Zeng Guofan, who really aroused Hunan people's thoughts. Have you noticed that the new and old generations of revolutionaries and scholars who came out of Hunan later pointed their finger at Zeng Guofan and thought that he was the shame of Hunan people and the scum of Han people. Objectively speaking, Zeng Guofan still has credit. His vision is much broader than that of the Eight Banners parasitic scum in the imperial court. I don't need to say more about his achievements.