About the history of Tibet before liberation

In the history of China and Tibet, there were dark and barbaric social systems based on feudal land ownership and serfs' dependence on serf owners. It began in the 10 century, generally established in the 13 century, and continued until the early days of the People's Republic of China. It was abolished during the democratic reform movement in Tibet from 65438 to 0959. Social productivity of serfdom in Tibet is low, and agricultural production tools are simple. The main agricultural areas still use wooden plows and hoes, and occasionally use iron plows. The harvest is only 4 ~ 5 times that of seeds. The survival rate of cattle and sheep in animal husbandry is about 50% and 30% respectively. Handicraft industry is generally a household sideline, such as twisting wool, weaving, and processing of livestock products. And its tools and technology are also very backward. City craftsmen were subordinate to feudal lords. Business is not important. Traditional agricultural products exchange, barter exchange. The serf-owner class accounts for 5% of Tibet's population, including three lords (local feudal government, nobles and monasteries) and their agents. They occupy all the land, forests and most of the means of production such as livestock, farm tools and houses in Tibet. The serf class accounts for 90% of Tibet's population and is attached to serf owners. It can be divided into rich serfs, middle serfs and poor serfs. Among them, "Chaba" and "heap poverty" are the main components of the serf class. Busboy means restaurant worker, who leads the poor land of local government to work for local government and its slave owners, and has a higher status than the poor. Heaping poverty means small households, which mainly refers to cultivating a small amount of land allocated by serf owners and their agents and feeding their serfs. In class differentiation, the poor can be reduced to the poor and the poor can also be promoted to the poor. After bankruptcy, the poor and the poor will become slaves. Slaves account for 5% of Tibet's population, mostly from bankrupt poor serfs. They have neither means of production nor personal rights, and are completely occupied by serf owners for housework. Under the condition of serfdom, local governments accounted for 3 1% of cultivated land, nobles accounted for 30%, and monasteries accounted for 39%. The local feudal government in Tibet, which combines politics and religion, has the power to grant land to nobles and temple lords, confiscate and adjust land, approve the reclamation of non-cultivated land, adjudicate land disputes, and apportion or increase or decrease the number of officials on all cultivated land.