What is the real reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union?

The real reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union is the collapse of the Soviet Union itself, the end of authoritarian centralization of authority, and the all-round awakening of Russians to find a new development path by correcting their mistakes. This revolution, which was completed with extraordinary courage and even great cost, brought fundamental changes and historic progress to Russia, and completely ended the autocratic centralization of authority for more than 70 years. Although this process has repeated twists and turns, the general direction is undoubtedly correct.

Before the disintegration of the Soviet Union, almost all important dissident leaders were imprisoned, exiled, forced to emigrate, and even persecuted to death in labor camps and prisons. In Gorbachev's prime minister Nikolai ryzhkov's view, this regime must be changed. "We are inside job, bribery, whether in newspapers, news or on the podium, are full of lies, we indulge in our own lies, while wearing medals for each other. And everyone is doing it-from top to bottom, from bottom to top. " Eduard Shewardner, Gorbachev's foreign minister, was deeply saddened by the widespread lawlessness and corruption. He recalled that in the winter of 1984 ~ 1985, he told Gorbachev: "Everything is rotten and must be changed."

Dmitry Medvedev, the current Russian Prime Minister, has always kept a clear understanding of the disintegration of the Soviet Union. He once wrote a special article to explain his views, saying that "in the past, Russia needed freedom, and now, Russia still needs freedom ... The challenge of our time is to thoroughly reform the value system and create new cognition. We can't build a new country on the basis of old ideas ... For a country, the best investment is freedom and legal system. And respect for human dignity. "

What led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union? Defenders of totalitarian system are used to pointing the finger at Gorbachev and western hostile forces, which is shameless! The real reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union is the conservatism, rigidity, incompetence and corruption of Soviet interest groups. This huge interest group is insensitive, greedy and vulgar, morally corrupt and shameless; Vegetarianism, graft, bribery, extravagance and waste, profligacy, exhausted the precious wealth that the Soviet people earned with sweat, ate up the savings of the Soviet people and stifled their creativity.

Ironically, this huge interest group shirked its responsibility and shamelessly accused Gorbachev and western hostile forces of destroying the Soviet Union. It can be said that Gorbachev was loyal to the Soviet Union from beginning to end, and it was the die-hard forces who stubbornly resisted the reform and used various means to obstruct and destroy it that led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union. For the privilege in their hands, they did not hesitate to make the people suffer for a long time and to destroy the whole country and even the party. The so-called love of the party and patriotism is nothing but a hypocritical lie of interest groups. What they really love is the privileges and benefits they already have.

From the leaders of the Soviet Union (Russia), we can see the profound Russian characteristics. Almost all of them come from the bottom of society, and no one has a prominent background. Except for Lenin and Stalin, who mastered the supreme power by revolution, everyone else started from the bottom and gradually rose within the system. Stalin was a cruel, cruel and treacherous tyrant; Khrushchev and Yeltsin are frank and simple, firm in belief, bold and courageous, without losing the unique cunning of Russians; Brezhnev and chernenko are mediocre and incompetent, hypocritical and cunning, pretentious and morally corrupt; Andropov and Gorbachev are both Russian elites, with rich knowledge, good self-cultivation and idealistic enthusiasm and pursuit.

Throughout the history of Russia, there are only two kinds of people who can really take power in Russia, either Stalin, a tyrant who built a totalitarian system at the expense of thousands of lives, or Brezhnev, a traitor who can lead privileged groups to take advantage of it.

Brezhnev initiated the era of "collective leadership" in the Soviet Union. Especially in the first few years in power, Brezhnev especially relied on "collective decision-making". At the Politburo meeting, Brezhnev almost never expressed his opinions first, but let everyone speak and discuss separately. After reaching an agreement, he made a summary according to this agreement, as if he were just a simple meeting host and had no opinion at all. Although Brezhnev did not have the qualifications and authority like Lenin and Stalin, his power base was actually very solid, because he fully met the needs of the Soviet system. Over time, he has actually hijacked the entire Central Committee of the Soviet Union and achieved "individual dictatorship" under the collective leadership.

The Soviet system evolved into Brezhnev era, and large and small interest groups formed a complex situation of power checks and balances. Although contradictions and conflicts continue, the maximization of institutional interests has become the knowledge of the whole party. On the one hand, Soviet bureaucrats will never allow Stalin to appear again. On the other hand, they will never allow high-level officials to threaten the dominant position of the Soviet Union because of infighting and division. Unity and stability are the basic principles of Soviet collective leadership in Brezhnev era.

Due to this institutional feature, Brezhnev is in a detached position and his actual power is rock solid. Even when Brezhnev was terminally ill, he was really unable to preside over his daily work and offered to resign, he was unanimously opposed by the Politburo. "No need to make any changes" actually means that the Soviet leadership is "afraid of any changes". Brezhnev and Brezhnev, as general secretaries, have become indispensable things for this huge interest group.

Brezhnev is conservative and retrogressive in political and cultural fields. The system of "collective leadership" lacks absolute authority, which makes anyone in the collective leadership dare not touch the ideological red line and take a firm stand that "Ning Zuo should not be right". The more "left" the more "conservative" the safer, and even compare "left" with each other to show loyalty to the organization.

Brezhnev canceled Khrushchev's reform characterized by liberalization in politics and public opinion, stopped criticizing Stalin, praised Stalin actively, tightened public opinion control in an all-round way, and dealt with political dissidents and minority opinion leaders with strict and high-handed policies. Brezhnev praised Stalinism again, not because the Soviet leadership really liked Stalinism, on the contrary, they knew the evil of Stalinism system better than anyone, and were more afraid of its resurrection than anyone else.

The reason why Stalin is positively affirmed is that Stalin is the founder of this system, and completely denying Stalin, that is, denying this system, directly threatens the dominance of the Soviet Union and, of course, directly threatens their privileges and interests. The circle of cultural public opinion that was once thawed during Khrushchev's period was frozen again, and newspapers, television and literary works were strictly censored, demanding a high degree of consistency with the Soviet Central Committee. A large number of dissidents, including sakharov, the father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, and Solzhenitsyn, a famous writer, were arrested, exiled and even deported.

Brezhnev stepped up the transmission and purchase of the interests of the privileged class in an all-round way, spared no expense to please everyone in the system, and took a thorough laissez-faire attitude towards the rampant privilege and corruption in the system. Brezhnev abolished the practice of frequently mobilizing cadres in Khrushchev's era, which enabled cadres at all levels not only to worry about official positions, but also to fully manage and cultivate their own forces. Brezhnev greatly increased the number of places in the Politburo, the Secretariat and the Presidium of the Soviet Union, which not only allowed the old people to retain their official positions, but also gave the new people the opportunity to be promoted to the core of power, forming a happy political situation.

Brezhnev adopted a very tolerant policy towards mediocrity and even corruption and bribery of bureaucrats at all levels, even openly conniving and sheltering. The power of the local first secretaries was almost unrestricted, and they became local emperors. Someone wrote to report the corruption and bribery of the first secretary of a certain place. Brezhnev not only didn't deal with it, but praised the official and sent all the report letters to him. In Brezhnev's era, extravagant consumption spread to lower-level officials, and it was open and unscrupulous. The wind of comparing and showing off swept the whole political arena.

In foreign policy, Brezhnev changed the relaxed posture of Khrushchev's era and adopted an aggressive and tough line to launch fierce competition and confrontation with the West. Although the consumption is huge and the price is high, it maintains and strengthens the status of the Soviet superpower and the nationalist trend of thought of the Soviet Union.

In the Brezhnev era, although public opinion and propaganda were highly consistent, in fact, the belief of productism had already disappeared completely in this interest group, and the state machine and the Soviet Union had completely become tools for interest groups to realize their own interests. They are conservative, rigid, incompetent, extravagant and extravagant, and finally eat up the country, which leads to the moral corruption of the whole society and the inevitable collapse of the economy.

Alexander Bowen, a famous journalist in the former Soviet Union, wrote in 1988 that the ideal of Russian-style reform has "matured" as people become more and more excited about corruption, shameless theft, lies and obstacles to urban work. With the people's growing antipathy to the lies and deception of the official ideology, the legitimacy of the Soviet Union's governance naturally encountered unprecedented doubts, so the disintegration of the Soviet Union occurred overnight, which fully shows that the seemingly powerful political party is extremely fragile, and its huge body has long been like rotten wood, and it will collapse at the slightest sign!