In which dynasty did Go East take place?

I ventured into Guangdong in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China.

The East Gate of Shanhaiguan City defines the Central Plains outside Shanhaiguan and inside Shanhaiguan. From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China, Shanhaiguan people, mainly from Shandong and Zhili, began to travel eastward. /kloc-in the 9th century, the lower reaches of the Yellow River in China suffered from famine year after year, and the people of the Central Plains in the lower reaches of the Yellow River invaded the Northeast on a large scale, which was the largest in history.

There are two concepts: broad sense and narrow sense. Throughout history, people in Shanhaiguan inland area make a living through customs, which can be described as "crossing the Kanto", which is broad. In a narrow sense, "going to Kanto" only refers to the history of people from the Central Plains going to Kanto to make a living from Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. The so-called "crossing the Kanto" is narrow.

1855, a rare flood hit Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other regions. The flood washed away the Grand Canal and the grain transportation had to turn to the sea. People who rely on grain transportation have to face serious livelihood difficulties, and in addition, various exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes in the late Qing Dynasty have become the main way for bankrupt farmers to redeem themselves by entering the relatively sparsely populated areas outside the customs.

Most people who go to Guangdong come from Shandong and Hebei. From the early Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the number of people who went to Kanto reached 30 million, most of whom were forced to make a living because of natural disasters and wars. They need to overcome all kinds of difficulties from the mainland to Kanto, either crossing the ocean or wading through mountains and rivers. They drilled mountains, waded rivers, starved, fought wild animals and avoided robbers ... They broke through many obstacles and finally came to Kanto to make a living in order to survive.

Extended data

Breaking through the Kanto, the Northeast has changed from "migrants" to "refugees" and then to "immigrant society". In the early Qing Dynasty, ethnic contradictions were sharp, and the rulers of the Qing Dynasty took extremely cruel measures to suppress them. The "rebels" were sent to the border "smoky land", and Shandong criminals were sent to Kanto, which was extremely poor. This way of sending criminals is called "exile".

Shandong people are typical "settled in their native land". Population pressure, natural and man-made disasters and the policy orientation of Manchu government constitute the external causes of Shandong people's invasion of Kanto. Taking the railway construction in the Middle East at that time as an example, The History of Northeast Development quoted Toshiyama Dono as saying: "China coolies are like a collection of ants, and Shandong, which is supplied with labor, took the opportunity to transport countless laborers out of Tamen. It is no exaggeration to say that Zhongdong Road, which is more than 1500 miles, was completed by Shandong coolies. "

It is an extraordinary struggle for Shandong people to break through Kanto, a place invaded by foreign enemies. "Records of Angel Commune in Hunjiang City, Jilin Province" records: "During the period of 192 1, there was a farmer named Wang Zhenbang, originally from Shandong, who fled the countryside and lived in Xichuan with his wife and eldest daughter. 193 1 year, when the Japanese invaded Kanto, Wang Zhenbang and fellow villagers in Shandong gathered 100 people fought against Japan. At the end of 1934, it fought with the Japanese army three or four times, of which the second time was the best, and the Japanese army suffered heavy casualties. The insurgents were frightened by the Japanese army. "

Baidu Encyclopedia-Going to the East (a famous population migration in China history)