Several major operas and their brief introduction

There are many kinds of plays in China. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 360 kinds of operas and tens of thousands of traditional plays in ethnic minority areas in China. Other famous operas include: Kunqu Opera, Cantonese Opera, Yue Opera, Qin Opera, Pingju Opera, Henan Opera, Sichuan Opera and Huangmei Opera.

Kunqu Opera, also known as Kunqu Opera, Kunqu Opera and Kunshan Opera, is the oldest opera in China and the treasure of traditional culture and art in China. Guan Yunshi, a bachelor of Hanlin, was deeply influenced by the thoughts and literature of the Han nationality. He appreciates the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River and yearns for a quiet and leisurely life. Later, he quit his job, lived in seclusion in Jiangnan, changed his name to "Yi Fu", and made a living selling medicine in Qiantang, calling himself "Lu Hua Taoist". He is good at writing Sanqu. The tunes he created were passed on to Yang in Zhangpu, Zhejiang Province, and later called "Haiyan Opera", which spread to the Ming Dynasty and was the originator of "Kunqu Opera". Since the mid-Ming Dynasty, he has ruled China's drama for nearly 300 years. Kunqu opera, which combines singing, dancing and martial arts, is known for its elegant dictionary, euphemistic lines and delicate performance, and is known as the "ancestor of hundreds of operas". In Kunqu Opera, drums and banquets control the singing rhythm. Qu Di and Sanxian are the main accompaniment instruments, and their singing pronunciation is "Zhongzhou Rhyme". 200 1, Kunqu opera is listed as "representative work of human oral and intangible heritage" by UNESCO.

Cantonese Opera, also known as "Cantonese Opera" or "Guangfu Opera", is one of the traditional operas of the Han nationality. It originated from Nanxi Opera and began to appear in Guangdong and Guangxi during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. It is a performing art that combines singing and playing, musicians' music, stage costumes and abstract forms. Every business of Cantonese opera has its own unique costumes.

Cantonese opera was included in the first batch of 5 18 national intangible cultural heritage list published on May 20, 2006. On September 30, 2009, Cantonese opera was recognized by UNESCO and included in the list of intangible cultural heritage of mankind.

Cantonese opera is the largest local opera in Guangdong Province. With the migration of Cantonese people and their love and singing of Cantonese opera, it spread to the overseas Chinese gathering places in Guangfu, such as the United States, Canada, Britain and Southeast Asia. For example, Singapore is known as "the second hometown of Cantonese opera".

Sichuan Opera is one of the Han operas in China, which is popular in eastern and central Sichuan, Chongqing and parts of Guizhou and Yunnan.

The facial makeup of Sichuan Opera is an important part of the performing arts of Sichuan Opera, and it is an artistic treasure created and inherited by Sichuan Opera artists in past dynasties. Sichuan Opera consists of Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang Opera, Huqin Opera, Tanxi Opera and Dengdiao.

Sichuan Opera is a bright pearl in the treasure house of China Opera. It has a long history and has preserved many excellent traditional plays, rich music and exquisite performing arts. It is a folk art loved by people in southwest provinces such as Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. In the aspect of opera vocal cavity, Sichuan opera is composed of four major vocal cavities: high cavity, Kunqu cavity, Huqin cavity and weak cavity, plus a folk lantern opera in this province. These five categories, except Lantern Opera, were introduced to Sichuan in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

Shaanxi Opera is one of the oldest operas of Han nationality in China, which originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty and Xifu (the core areas are Qishan (Xiqi) and Fengxiang (Yongcheng) in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province). Mature in the Qin dynasty. Shaanxi opera, also known as random play, is popular in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other places in northwest China. Among them, the Xifu Qin Opera in Baoji is the oldest, and it retains many ancient sounds. Because it uses jujube bangzi as a percussion instrument, it is also called "Bangzi tune", commonly known as "Bangzi" (because Bangzi makes a "dreamy" sound when clapping). On May 20th, 2006, it was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Yue Opera originated in Shengzhou, Zhejiang, originated in Shanghai, flourished in the whole country and spread all over the world. In its development, it absorbed the achievements of Kunqu opera, traditional Chinese opera and Shao opera, and experienced the historical evolution from men's Shaoxing opera to women's Shaoxing opera. It is the first national intangible cultural heritage list.

Yue Opera is good at expressing emotion, focusing on singing, with beautiful voice, real and moving performance, beautiful and elegant, and full of Jiangnan spirit; Most of them are dramas with the theme of "gifted scholars and beautiful women", and there are many artistic schools, among which 13 are recognized. Mainly popular in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui and other southern regions, as well as most northern regions such as Beijing and Tianjin. In its heyday, except for Tibet, Guangdong, Guangxi and a few other provinces and regions, there were professional theatrical troupes all over the country.

Peking Opera, once known as Pingju, is one of the five major dramas in China, with Xipi and Huanger as the main accents, accompanied by huqin and gongs and drums. It is regarded as the quintessence of China and the "top spot" of China's opera Sandingjia.

Anhui Opera is the predecessor of Beijing Opera. Since the 55th year of Qing Qianlong (1790), four Huizhou classes, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which had performed in the south, have successively entered Beijing. They cooperated with artists in Hubei, accepted some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Shaanxi Opera, and absorbed some local folk tunes. Through constant communication and integration, Peking Opera was finally formed. After the formation of Peking Opera, it began to develop rapidly in the Qing court until the Republic of China.

It toured all over the world and became an important means to introduce and spread China's traditional culture. It is distributed all over China with Beijing as the center.

Henan Opera, which originated in the Central Plains (Henan), is one of the five major operas in China and the largest local opera in China. In recent years, Henan Opera has followed Henan Satellite TV, Henan Opera Academy, Taiwan Province Henan Opera Troupe and other performing groups to perform in many countries around the world, such as Australia, Italy, Israel, Malaysia, France, Brazil, Canada, Venezuela, New Zealand, Germany, Singapore, Turkey, Britain and the United States, and has been praised by westerners as "Oriental Aria" and "China Opera". Henan Opera is also the largest number of professional opera groups and practitioners in China. Now it ranks second among China operas and first among all local operas in China.

Henan Opera has been continuously inherited, reformed and innovated on the basis of Henan Bangzi. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Henan was called Henan Opera for short. From the late Qing Dynasty to the present, Henan Opera has formed four major tunes, namely, Xiangfu tune (centered on Kaifeng), Eastern Henan tune (centered on Shangqiu), Western Henan tune (centered on Luoyang) and Shahe tune (centered on Shahe Valley, namely, southeast Henan and northern Anhui).

Henan Opera is famous for its sonorous singing, moderate intonation, clear articulation, mellow charm, liveliness, flesh and blood, and being good at expressing the inner feelings of characters. It is widely welcomed by people from all walks of life for its high artistry. Because its music accompaniment takes jujube bangzi as the beat, it was named Henan Bangzi in the early days.

Pingju is a kind of opera that spreads in northern China and is one of the most popular operas in China. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was formed on the basis of the ditty "Opposite Lotus Falls" in Luanxian County, Hebei Province. It was first popular in rural areas of Hebei province, and then entered Tangshan, and was called "Tangshan Xiazi". It was popular in Northeast China around the 1920s, and a number of actresses appeared. After 1930s, under the influence of Peking Opera and Hebei Bangzi, the performance of Pingju became more and more mature, and schools such as "Bai", "Bai", "Picking Lotus" and "Ai Lianjun" appeared. After 1950, the plays such as Little Son-in-law, Liu Qiaoer, Flowers as Media, Complaining to Third Sister Yang, Qin Xianglian and so on have great influence in the whole country, with new, famous, famous actors appearing. Pingju is still popular in North China and Northeast China.

Pingju is divided into East Road and West Road, with East Road as the main one.

10 Huangmei Opera, formerly known as Huangmeidiao or tea-picking opera, is one of the five major operas in China. It is also one of the four major operas in Anhui, which are juxtaposed with Anhui Opera, Lu Opera and Sizhou Opera.

Huangmei opera originated from the tea-picking tune in Huangmei area at the junction of Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was introduced to Huaining County, Anhui Province and other surrounding areas, and combined with local folk arts, it was sung and sung in Anqing dialect, which gradually developed into a new kind of drama. It was once called "Huai Opera" and "Hui Opera".

Huangmei Opera is simple and fluent in singing, good at lively lyricism and rich in expressive force. The performance is simple and meticulous, and it is famous for its truthfulness and vividness. It has become an important means to interpret and spread the traditional culture of China.

On May 20th, 2006, Huangmei Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. The distribution is centered on Anqing and spread all over the country.