Tell me about the history of Beijing.

About the history of Beijing, it is best to learn from the history teacher of the school. Students in Beijing urban area should take a history course "Beijing's 3,000-year history" in junior high school.

Let me tell you what I can remember.

It seems that the earliest historical record is the Yan State in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At that time, Beijing was called Ji. Later, dynasties changed, and Beijing was the border of the northern part of North China Plain. Has been fighting, ethnic integration is very strong. It has always played the role of a border town. Because of frequent wars and sparse population, not to mention economy, politics and culture.

It seems that I was the capital of a small dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. I forgot which direction it was.

In short, the most clearly recorded is the Jin Dynasty, which established its capital in Beijing, located in the northeast of Beijing's Sixth Ring Road. The Jin Dynasty was a minority, so most of Zhongdu were Hu people, because the Khitans of Daliao also occupied this land in Beijing before.

There are too few records. Anyway, in a few years, Kublai Khan of Mongolia destroyed the Jin Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, and when he destroyed the capital, he slaughtered the city and drove away the Jin Dynasty people. Zhongdu was abolished, and Kublai Khan established the Palace of the Yuan Dynasty between the North Third Ring Road and the North Fourth Ring Road in Beijing and began to rule. A group of Mongolians, other ethnic minorities and Semu people moved in.

In the decline of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty drove the Mongols out of the Yuan Dynasty, which was also burned and looted, and the Yuan Dynasty was in ruins. The Mongols all fled back to Mongolia.

Judy, the prince of the Ming Dynasty, usurped the throne. Judy is the emperor's uncle. He was originally a prince of Hebei, but he rebelled and became emperor. At that time, the capital of the Ming Dynasty was Nanjing. Judy is afraid that the south will not accept him as emperor, and he is always worried about being rebelled. So Judy thought of moving the capital to the north, so he returned to the base camp, built a palace in the current position of the Forbidden City, and established the capital. The area of the capital is probably the area of the Fourth Ring Road in Beijing now, but it is not much anyway. But there are few people in Beijing, because the Yuan Dynasty was abandoned soon, and after burning, killing and looting, there was no population here. So Judy ordered Nanjing officials and their families to move to the capital with Shengjia, and transferred more than 200,000 rich people from Jiangsu and Zhejiang to Beijing as people. So the Forbidden City in Beijing was built, and people in the south of the Yangtze River built residential areas near the Forbidden City.

With the decline of the Ming Dynasty, farmers in Dashun Li Zicheng revolted, entered Beijing, massacred officials, robbed rich families, raped women, robbed Chen Yuanyuan and killed Wu Sangui's family. Hearing this, Wu Sangui was furious and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, 30,000 fighters entered the customs and entered the Central Plains. Its capital is also the capital of Beijing. On the basis of the Ming Dynasty, it expanded the Forbidden City in Beijing to its present scale, that is, it added many other palaces. The Han people in Beijing were driven to live in Nancheng, and the northern city was left to the princes and nobles living in Manchuria and the Eight Banners.

1900, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China, invaded the capital, occupied the capital for more than a year, killed hundreds of thousands of people in the capital and burned down houses. A large number of Beijingers fled abroad, and many failed to return to Beijing alive.

190 1 year, Cixi sent Li Hongzhang to make peace, ended the capital war, returned to Beijing, and found the imperial capital in ruins, even the gold-inlaid bronzes in the Forbidden City were scraped off by the allied forces. So the secret order was kept secret, and 65438+ 10,000 people moved from neighboring provinces (now Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei and Henan) to Beijing as Beijingers.

With the collapse of the Qing Dynasty and the Northern Warlords, Beijing became a nominal political center. Due to the warlord regime, wars are frequent, soldiers and thugs come and go all over the country, and the population composition is complex. Until 1927, the Beiyang government disintegrated, the Kuomintang made Nanjing its capital, and Beijing was renamed Beiping. There was a relatively stable period in Beijing, when the population began to increase and the economy and society began to recover.

1937, lugouqiao incident, the Japanese army occupied Beiping and changed its name to Beijing. Because the Japanese wanted to occupy China for a long time, they did not burn and rob Beijing, but managed peacefully. Therefore, Beijing has been relatively spared the disaster of war, and its economy and culture have developed. Due to the relative peace in Beijing, by 1945, the population of Beijing has increased by 55%, and there are a large number of foreign refugees.

1949, Chairman Mao made Beijing his capital. In order to build the capital, more than 2 million national elites, military workers, faculty and their families have been transferred, and the population of Beijing has expanded to more than 4 million.

195 1 year, Beijing expanded, and part of the original land in Daxing County, wanping county, Hebei Province was merged into Beijing, merged with the original eight suburbs of Beijing into Haidian District, Fengtai District and Chaoyang District, and Shijingshan District was established separately. More than a dozen districts in the city have also merged into Xuanwu District, Chongwen District and Dongdan District. In other words, Beijing has a large area of land and population in Hebei.

1952, wanping county and Liangxiang in Hebei Province were partially transferred to Beijing, and Mentougou District of Beijing was established.

From 65438 to 0958, Changping, Shunyi, Daxing, Fangshan, Yanqing, Pinggu, Huairou, Miyun and Tongzhou in Hebei Province were included in Beijing. Since then, Beijing has completed its largest expansion and formed its current administrative divisions. The population has also increased to 7.7 million. Beijing has built many key universities.

After the reform and opening up, with the vigorous development of economy, the resumption of college entrance examination and the influx of migrant workers, the construction of Beijing's economic and cultural city has developed rapidly. Despite the implementation of family planning for more than 40 years, today's registered population has reached more than130,000, and urban immigrants account for the majority.