Mars is also in the habitable zone of the solar system. Can humans transform Mars into a livable planet?

Although the earth can still meet the requirements of human survival, some people with a sense of crisis are ready to emigrate to Mars.

However, the most important thing to immigrate to Mars is not whether we can save enough money to buy a boat ticket, but that Mars is not suitable for human habitation at present. So if we transform Mars from now on, will Mars be suitable for human habitation in the future?

Conditions for a livable planet

To make Mars a livable planet, first of all, what are the criteria for a livable planet? So far, astronomers have established a livable planet model based on the earth.

A livable planet contains eight conditions, namely:

Among them, the first three factors are the same as the earth. If human beings want to transform Mars, they should mainly transform their own conditions.

liquid water

The importance of liquid water to human beings is self-evident, but water is not a special product of the earth. There are many water-bearing celestial bodies in the solar system, and many celestial bodies are richer in water than the earth.

Moreover, according to the research of the Italian Space Agency, a liquid water lake with a diameter of 20 kilometers was found under the ice near the South Pole of Mars.

Although we don't know the composition of these liquid water yet, we have mature technology to filter water at present. However, on the whole, this water is far from enough to immigrate people to Mars on a large scale.

atmosphere

Not only is the atmosphere vital to human survival, but even the composition of the atmosphere has a far-reaching impact on human life. Take the earth as an example. When the greenhouse gas content in the earth's atmosphere rises, the temperature of the earth will rise and even become too hot to survive.

For example, in the atmosphere of Venus, the carbon dioxide content reaches 97%, so that the surface temperature of Venus reaches 500 degrees Celsius.

Besides the composition of the atmosphere, the density of the atmosphere is also very important. If the atmospheric density is too high, people will live on the seabed, and the air pressure will make people breathless. If the atmospheric density is too small, it will cause people to live on the plateau.

The density of the atmosphere on Mars is less than1100 on Earth, that is to say, the atmosphere on Mars is much thinner than that on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, far exceeding the limit that human beings can tolerate.

Moreover, because the solar wind can take away the gas from Mars, even if humans emit gas to Mars, it will not increase the atmospheric density of Mars.

Global magnetic field

There are many high-energy particles in the universe, and the high-energy charged particles (solar wind) emitted by the sun are one of them. If these charged particles irradiate the biological surface for a long time, it will lead to the rapid death and extinction of organisms.

Life on earth is not extinct because the earth has a global magnetic field.

The earth's magnetic field will connect the North Pole and the South Pole through magnetic lines. When the solar wind blows, the magnetic field lines will guide the solar wind to the north and south poles of the earth, thus avoiding direct irradiation on the human body surface.

Let's talk more. Aurora is the result of the solar wind. When the sun emits a lot of high-energy charged particles, a magnetic storm will form on the earth at this time, threatening human satellites and communication technology, but at the same time, aurora will also appear in the north and south poles and even other regions.

But unfortunately, although there is a magnetic field on Mars, there is no global magnetic field, which means it is difficult for human beings to survive on Mars.

Moreover, we don't have the technology needed to transform the magnetic field of Mars at present, so humans can't transform it into a livable planet in a short time.

ozonosphere

The main function of ozone layer is to block ultraviolet rays, and it is also the easiest factor to transform.

We know that there was no ozone layer in the early days of the earth, but with the great oxidation of the earth, more and more oxygen was released into the air and gradually formed the ozone layer.

However, it takes a long time to transform the ozone layer, and it may take hundreds of millions or even hundreds of millions of years to successfully transform it. By then, human beings may have been extinct on the earth.

satellite

The reason why the earth needs satellites is that without the moon, the earth's rotation will be like a gyro, and it will be unstable for a while.

This will cause the earth's environment to be hot and cold for a while, which is not suitable for human habitation. It is the existence of the moon that makes the earth start to rotate regularly, and then life can be born on the earth.

Mars does not need this condition, because there are obvious seasons and days and nights on Mars, which means that the rotation of Mars is very stable. From this perspective, it is suitable for living.

abstract

Although human beings have a higher level of science and technology than other animals, the plan to transform a planet is too grand to be competent according to the current scientific level of human beings. Therefore, we will live on the earth for quite a long time.

Sorry, Mars may be a place for people to stay for a short time, but it can't be transformed into a livable planet.

The reason why mars is hot.

After the completion of the moon landing program, the United States turned its attention to further Mars. Over the past decades, several major countries and institutions in the world have launched more than a dozen Mars probes, of which the United States accounts for the vast majority. A few years ago, a private company in the Netherlands began to speculate on the "Mars 1" plan, saying that it was going to send several people to Mars, which was finally proved to be a scam. American legendary entrepreneur Musk also made a Mars immigration plan, which is currently only a PPT. But in any case, Mars is really hot, and many people who don't know it naively think that Mars is really a colonial target.

("Mars One" scam)

In fact, Mars is not only a barren land, but also a place of death.

The so-called "livable zone of the solar system" refers to a planet with a moderate distance from the sun and the possibility of liquid water. On one condition, this planet can hold liquid water.

Mars can't

In fact, if we pull the earth into the orbit of Mars now, unless we increase the greenhouse gases on the earth, the oceans on the earth will be frozen. Let's say Mars instead of the schedule.

Similar to the earth, Mars is also a rocky planet, which means that people can stand on the surface of Mars and enjoy the scenery. But there is no charming scenery on Mars, and there are red dust and iron oxide dust everywhere, which makes Mars red like fire.

(A sandstorm, iron oxide dust covered the solar cell of American rover)

Why is there so much iron oxide on Mars? That's all iron brought out of the ground by the volcano.

Mars, like the earth, has a huge iron core, which was initially liquid and flowing. It rotates with Mars. Because of the difference in angular velocity, Mars once had a magnetic field more than 3 billion years ago. However, due to the relatively small area of Mars and strong volcanic geological activity, a large amount of iron in it is sprayed to the surface with volcanic activity, which reacts chemically with oxygen in the atmosphere of Mars to form iron oxide. At the same time, the heat energy inside Mars is rapidly lost due to convection.

(The Great Olympus Volcano on Mars)

The direct result of the rapid dissipation of heat energy is that the core of Mars cools rapidly, solidifies into an iron knot and no longer flows. Once the core of Mars solidifies, its angular velocity is the same as that of the surface rotation of Mars, the internal "generator" function disappears, and the magnetic field of Mars no longer exists.

Without the protection of the magnetic field, the strong solar wind will drive straight in, and the atmosphere on the surface of Mars will be stripped off bit by bit by the solar wind and blown into space. This is why the atmospheric pressure on Mars is only 1% of that on Earth.

Where the air pressure is low, the boiling point of water is lower, so the water in the original rivers and oceans on Mars quickly sublimates, and the sublimated water molecules are decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by solar radiation, and then blown away. So far, we can't find any traces of liquid water on the surface of Mars, which has become a cold and dry dead planet.

The remains of ancient rivers prove that Mars was once rich in water.

Today's Mars is not only short of water and oxygen, but more seriously, its surface is full of deadly solar radiation and cosmic rays. Without the protection of protective clothing, life cannot survive in such a harsh environment.

So, can Mars be transformed?

First of all, humans need to build a reliable habitat on Mars, or a ground facility that can resist cosmic rays, or dig three feet to find a place to live.

Secondly, humans need to find enough water and oxygen. Water may not be difficult to find because there is a lot of ice at the poles of Mars. According to calculation, if the ice melts, it can cover the surface of Mars to a depth of 1 1 m. However, the preparation of oxygen is a difficult problem, and it is difficult for machine oxygen production to meet the needs of large-scale people to breathe.

(Mars Antarctic ice sheet)

Third, how to increase the atmospheric pressure on the surface of Mars? You know, it is impossible for human beings to survive under the atmospheric pressure of 1%.

Fourth, where did the food come from? In that high radiation environment, it is impossible for any grain to be produced normally on the surface, and the limited underground space can meet the needs of several people.

To sum up, the so-called transformation of Mars into another livable planet is either the fantasy of science fiction writers or the deception of people with ulterior motives. It is basically impossible to transform Mars with human power to make a large number of human beings survive, because you can't make Mars have a strong magnetic field again. What we can do is to cherish the present environment and protect the earth that raised us. Without the earth, mankind will lose everything.

Let others dream of colonizing Mars!

First of all, the distance between Mars and the sun is about 227 million kilometers, much farther than the distance between the earth and the sun is 65.438+0.5 billion kilometers, so the solar radiation that Mars can get is much smaller than that of the earth, so the average temperature of Mars is about -55, far lower than the average temperature of the earth of 654.38+0.5. In such a low temperature environment, water exists on the surface of Mars in the form of "ice", and no liquid water has been found so far.

Secondly, the Martian atmosphere is extremely thin, only about 1% of the density of the earth's atmosphere. The main component of the Martian atmosphere is carbon dioxide, accounting for 95% of the Martian atmosphere, and the other gas components include nitrogen, argon and trace oxygen. Therefore, at present, the Martian atmosphere is very different from the earth's atmosphere in terms of density and composition, and it is not suitable for human breathing at all. If human beings want to transform Mars and make it livable, the most important task should be to transform the composition of the Martian atmosphere, such as increasing the content of carbon dioxide and producing a "greenhouse effect" to increase the surface temperature of Mars. However, after all, Mars is a big planet with a diameter of 6,794 kilometers, which cannot be done by human beings at present. The most likely way for mankind in the future is to establish a research base on the surface of Mars as in the movie "Mars Rescue".