Characteristics of population distribution of all ethnic groups in China during the socialist period

The Chinese nation is a great nation, hardworking, brave and creative, with a history of 5,000 years of civilization, occupying an important position in the oriental culture and making great contributions to the civilization of all mankind.

The Chinese nation is a multi-ethnic, United and unified socialist family. There are 56 ethnic groups, among which the Han nationality is the most populous ethnic group in China and the world. Besides the Han nationality, there are 55 ethnic minorities living in this vast land.

Although the population of ethnic minorities in China is small, about 1. 1 100 million, it is widely distributed. The living area accounts for about 60% of the total area of the country. Mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Guangxi, Ningxia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Hunan, Hebei, Hubei, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other provinces. China's border is about 2 1000 km in minority areas, involving 65438. About 30 ethnic minorities live next to the same ethnic groups abroad, namely Korea, Hezhe, Ewenki, Mongolia, Hui, Uygur, Kazak, Uzbekistan, Kirgiz, Tajikistan, tatar, Russia, Tibet, Menba, Barrow, Gelao, Shui, Zhuang, Dai, Buyi, Miao and Miao. Frequent visits, including visiting relatives and friends, intermarriage, fair trade, temple worship, holiday gatherings, and even cross-border farming and grazing. In recent years, since China's reform and opening up, the border trade between ethnic minority areas and neighboring countries has developed rapidly.

China has the largest population of Han nationality, mainly concentrated in the east and middle. Although the population of ethnic minorities is relatively small, they live in a wide area, mainly distributed in five autonomous regions of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Guangxi and Ningxia and parts of some provinces. The ethnic minorities who live mainly in Inner Mongolia are Mongolian, Xinjiang Uygur, Tibetan and Guangxi Zhuang. Ningxia is a Hui nationality. Yunnan, Guizhou, Qinghai, Gansu, Jilin, Sichuan and other provinces have relatively large minority areas. Among them, Yunnan Province has the largest number of ethnic minorities. There are 15 ethnic minorities in Yunnan province, such as Bai, Hani and Dai. If you add Tibetans, Zhuang and other ethnic groups that do not take community as their main way of life, the number will reach more than 20. The minority areas in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hainan and Taiwan Province provinces are relatively small. Generally speaking, ethnic minorities in China are mainly distributed in border areas, from Inner Mongolia in the northeast to Xinjiang and Tibet, and then to Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. Generally speaking, the distribution is u-shaped. Its main part is in the west of China, and its center of gravity is in the northwest and southwest. Therefore, the population distribution of densely populated eastern China and sparsely populated western China is closely related to the ethnic distribution.

The overall characteristics of minority areas in China are: 1. Vast territory and sparsely populated. Many ethnic minorities live in mountainous areas, plateaus, pastoral areas and forest areas. 2. Abundant natural resources play an extremely important role in China's modernization. 3. Most of them are located in China's frontier and belong to national defense. With the population changes caused by repeated ethnic migration, immigration and dynasty changes in history, the ethnic distribution in China has formed a situation in which all ethnic groups live together and alternately live together. Some ethnic minorities have one or more residential areas scattered all over the country. About10 million people are scattered in towns and villages in various provinces and cities across the country. Ethnic minorities not only influence each other in economic, political and cultural life, but also have close ties with the Han nationality.

Most of the ethnic minorities in China are located in the border areas, shouldering the dual tasks of defending and building the border areas. Ethnic minority areas occupy a very important position in politics, national defense, economy and foreign relations.

We say that ethnic minorities mainly live in border areas and call them ethnic minority areas. However, not all residents in major ethnic minority areas are ethnic minorities, and there are also many Han people living together. In ethnic minority areas, most ethnic minorities live together with the Han nationality or in a staggered way. According to 1990 national census, in Inner Mongolia, Guangxi and Ningxia, the population of Han nationality exceeds that of ethnic minorities. In Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, although the population of Han nationality does not exceed that of ethnic minorities, it is also close to 40% of the population of the whole region. Moreover, in ethnic minority areas, not only the main local ethnic minorities live together with the Han nationality, but also some other ethnic minorities. For example, in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, there are more than a dozen ethnic minorities living together. Yunnan province is multi-ethnic. There are more than 20 ethnic groups in Xizang Autonomous Region, but there are still Han, Hui, Menba, Barrow and other ethnic groups living together with Tibetans. Similarly, in areas where the Han nationality is concentrated, there are also many ethnic minority populations living together. For example, although Shanghai is dominated by Han people, there are also 37 minority residents. As far as the whole country is concerned, almost no city or county in China is ethnically homogeneous. Therefore, the ethnic distribution in China is remarkable.

According to the 1990 census, there are more than 6 million urban ethnic minorities in China, accounting for 6% and 6% of the total population of ethnic minorities in China, respectively, accounting for 2 1% of the total population of scattered ethnic minorities in China. Almost all big cities in China have ethnic minorities. The main features are: 1, few people live in the world, and many people flow; 2, the number is small, and the residence is scattered; 3. extensive contact; 4. They still maintain their own national characteristics and religious beliefs; 5. Economy and culture are relatively backward; 6. Strong national consciousness.

The ethnic distribution in China, where people live in mixed communities and live in small communities, has been formed in the history of continuous exchanges among ethnic groups for thousands of years. This ethnic distribution is conducive to exchanges and learning between ethnic groups and to the development and prosperity of all ethnic groups.

Among the 55 ethnic minorities, Hui, Manchu and Han share Chinese, while the other 53 ethnic minorities use their own languages. Before liberation, only 2 1 ethnic minorities had their own scripts (including Hui, Manchu and She nationalities who widely used Chinese). The writing system has relatively primitive hieroglyphs, syllables and letters. The alphabet forms are: Tibetan alphabet, Uygur alphabet and Dai alphabet.

Religion has an important, extensive and profound influence among ethnic minorities.

China's ethnic minorities are good at singing and dancing and have excellent cultural traditions. In the long historical years, they have created a large number of beautiful and moving poems, myths and historical legends, as well as many literary works and precious scientific classics, and produced some famous writers and scientists. At the same time, they also created many magnificent, colorful buildings with national characteristics.

Due to various historical and natural reasons, the social development of various ethnic groups is unbalanced, even between different regions within the same ethnic group. The complex social and economic structure restricts the form and nature of culture and customs. This requires us to study it carefully from a historical and comprehensive perspective, and to excavate, sort out and develop it, so as to carry forward China folk culture with more significance of the times.

China has a large population and a long history, and there are extremely rich folk customs among 56 ethnic groups. These national customs not only exist, develop, die out and evolve with the development of history, but also reflect the social material life and people's spiritual outlook in various historical periods with their unique refraction. Starting from the reality of China, cleaning up this rich cultural property and exploring its nature, characteristics and laws of development and change can not only better understand people's cultural creativity, but also contribute to healthier folk customs.

China has a long history, and all ethnic groups have formed their own national culture and customs. There are more than 65,438+0,000 ethnic festivals every year, many of which are mainly concentrated in early spring, autumn and winter. For example, the Lusheng Festival of Miao nationality, the third day of March of Dong nationality and the Year of Miao nationality. During festivals, people of all ethnic groups put on costumes, sing and dance, and the festival activities are colorful. There are activities such as singing, dancing, playing lusheng, beating bronze drums, bullfighting, horse racing, dragon boat racing, playing lanterns and performing local operas. People compare these festivals to a hundred gardens of ethnic customs and folk arts. Here, you can also see strange national buildings such as slate houses, diaojiao buildings, drum towers, wind and rain bridges, and many strange ethnic customs and reception etiquette will arouse people's strong interest.