Ordering of Ming emperors

There were 16 emperors in the Ming Dynasty, in turn: Zhu Yuanzhang, Ming Huidi Zhu Yunwen, Judy, Zhu Gaochi, Zhu Zhanji, Zhu Qizhen, Ming Daizong Zhu Qiyu, Zhu Jianshen and Zhu Youmin? Zhu Houzhao, Mingwuzong, Zhu Houzong, Zhu Zaihou, Zhu Yijun, Ming Shenzong, Zhu Changluo, Zhu Youxiao and Zhu Youjian.

1, Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang

Zhu Yuanzhang (1328,10,21-1398, June 24th), a native of Haozhou Zhongli (now Fengyang, Anhui Province) of Han nationality, was originally named Chongba and later named Xingzong. He joined the Guo Zixing army and changed his name to Zhu Yuanzhang. China was an ancient statesman, strategist, military commander and the founding emperor of Ming Dynasty.

During Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, he carried out various reforms. Politically, he abolished the Prime Minister and the Ministry of Housing, established the separation of powers among the three departments, further strengthened centralization and severely punished corrupt officials. Military implementation of health center system;

Economically, we will make great efforts to resettle land and army, build water conservancy projects, liberate handmaiden, reduce the tax burden, and send people to inspect fields and households all over the country. Culturally, pay close attention to education, advocate imperial examination, establish imperial academy to train talents; Strengthen overseas exchanges with foreign countries and restore China's suzerain status. Social production gradually recovered and developed, which is known as the rule of Hongwu in history.

In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), Zhu Yuanzhang died at the age of 7 1. The name of the temple is Taizu, and posthumous title opened the heaven to establish the Great Sage to God, Benevolence and Righteousness. Wu Junde succeeded to the throne as the High Emperor and was buried in the Ming Tombs. ?

2. Ming Chengzu Judy

Judy (1360—1424), the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was born in Yingtianfu (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).

In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Judy was made the prince. I used to live in Fengyang and I know people's feelings very well. In the 13th year of Hongwu (1380), he was sent to Beiping. He was ordered to participate in military activities in the north many times and led his division to the north twice, which strengthened his influence in the northern army.

In Zhu Yuanzhang's later years, Prince Zhu Biao, King Zhu Shang of Qin and King Zhu of Jin died one after another. Judy became the first of all kings not only in military strength, but also in family order. After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang, Ming Taizu Hui Zong acceded to the throne and became a vassal in Zhu Yunwen. Judy launched the Jingnan War in the first year of Wen Jian (1399) and the fourth year of Wenjian (1402). Change to Yongle the following year.

When Judy was in office, he carried out political reform of the organization and formed a cabinet. Five personal expeditions to Mongolia, the recovery of Annan, and the establishment of Nur Daitu Department in the northeast, Hami Wei in the northwest, Dagu thorn, Demasa thorn, Wu Di thorn and other propaganda departments in the southwest, and the establishment of Guizhou Chengxuan Front Department, which consolidated the north-south border defense and safeguarded the territorial integrity of China;

He sent Zheng He to the Western Seas many times, which strengthened friendly exchanges between China and foreign countries and strengthened the management of the South China Sea. He also ordered people to edit the Yongle Grand Ceremony and dredge the Grand Canal. In order to strengthen the control over the northern and northeastern regions, Yongle moved its capital to Beijing in the 19th year (142 1). During his reign, the economy of Ming Dynasty was prosperous, the national strength was strong, and the culture and martial arts of governing the country were greatly improved, which was called Yongle Shi Sheng in history.

In August of the 22nd year of Yongle (1424), Judy died in Yumuchuan (now Wuzhumuqin Banner, Inner Mongolia) on her way home from the Northern Expedition, at the age of 64. Posthumous title's Tian Hongdao is brilliant and prosperous, and the holy Wu Chunren, the temple number Taizong Xiaowen, is buried in Changling. During the reign of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, the temple was renamed as Hongdao, Gaoming, Zhaoyun, Shen Gong, Chunren and Emperor Xiaowen.

3. Zhu Qizhen, Ming Yingzong

Zhu Qizhen, Ming Yingzong, the eldest son of Zhu Zhanji, Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty, was born to Sun Shi, the little bow queen (The Biography of Empress Ming Taizu said that his mother was an unknown imperial concubine and was raised by Sun Shi). She was born in the second year of Xuande (1427) and died in the eighth year of Tianshun (1464). After her death, she said that she was a kind and sincere person.

During his reign, he used two titles: Orthodox (1436-1449) and Tianshun (1457-1464).

In the first month of the tenth year of Xuande (1435), Xuanzong collapsed, and Zhu Qizhen, then 9 years old, acceded to the throne, and the following year was changed to the first year of orthodoxy. In the early days of Yingzong, Zhang Taihou assisted the government, and the cabinet was presided over by Sanyang (Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Pu), which continued the rule of Ren Xuan.

In the seventh year of orthodoxy (1442), Zhang Taihou died, and Sanyang faded out of politics in his later years. Eunuch Wang Zhen began to be authoritarian, and his followers spread all over the world, attracting hundreds of officials. In the fourteenth year of orthodoxy (1449), Wala Mongols invaded the south on a large scale, and Wang Zhen persuaded Yingzong to personally levy 500,000 troops, which was extravagant along the way.

On the way back to the division, the trip to Tumbao in August of the lunar calendar 15 was also defeated by Master Vara. Hundreds of thousands of Ming troops died (Ming History), Yingzong was captured, and Wang Zhen was killed by the rebels, which is called "the change of civil fort" in history.

Later, Empress Sun Shi took Yingzong south to Beijing and ordered Yingzong's younger brother Zhu Qiyu to supervise the country. Soon, Xi became the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and changed to the first year of Jingtai in the following year (1450), honoring Yingzong as the emperor's father.

After the victory of defending Beijing led by Yu Qian, Wala proposed peace talks and wanted to return to Yingzong. Jingdi doesn't want Yingzong to return. At the suggestion of the minister, in the first year of Jingtai (1450), Yingzong was welcomed back, but he was imprisoned in Nangong, with tight defense.

In the third year of Jingtai, Zhu Jianshen (the eldest son of Yingzong), who was originally a prince, was abolished as the release king, and made his own son Zhu play it by ear. In Nangong, Yingzong often lacked food and drink, was not allowed courtesy, and relied on the money queen to make a living. After the death of Prince Zhu Jianji, Jingdi still refused to re-establish Zhu Jianshen as the Prince.

In the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), Jingdi was seriously ill and could not visit the DPRK. Heavily armed Hou Shiheng of Wuqing and Xu Youzhen, the deputy capital, colluded with eunuch Cao Jixiang to enter the Nangong to support the British Restoration.

Izayoi, Yingzong entered the palace from Donghuamen and ascended the throne in Fengtian Hall. At dawn, he opened the palace door to inform the officials that the emperor's father had reset and another day would be smooth, which was called "the change of seizing the door" in history.

Since then, Yu Qian has been imprisoned, and King Jing has moved to the west. Soon, Jingdi collapsed and the cause of death was unknown. It is said that English sects strangled eunuch Jiang An with cloth (Lu Yi's "Escape" in Ming Dynasty). After the death of the king, he still couldn't get the understanding of Yingzong, so he called it a crime and was buried in Jinshan.

After the restoration of English sects, Yu Qian, a minister of the Ministry of War, and Wang Wen, a great scholar, were imprisoned for treason. At first, they said that Yu Qian had made a real contribution, but they didn't have the heart to kill him. Because Xu Youzhen argued that "if you don't kill Yu Qian, you won't know what happened today", he was beheaded by Yu Qian and Fan Guang in Xicheng five days later. The world was wronged, and later Yingzong also regretted it (Biography of Yu Qian in the Ming Dynasty).

Tianshun Dynasty, Yingzong diligent, successively appointed Li Xian, Shi Peng, Wang Ao and other wise ministers to punish Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen, Cao Jixiang and other villains. Politics remains clear.

Regardless of the opposition from the left and right, Jian (Zhu Wengui, the youngest son of Jianwen Emperor, was imprisoned in the palace for more than 50 years after Jingnan, and pigs and dogs did not understand) was released, and accommodation and transportation were provided; Listen to the Queen Qian and restore the status of Hu Huanghou before; Testamentary edict is the system of concubines' martyrdom since Taizu in the Ming Dynasty, and it has been praised as a policy of virtue by Ming history.

Tianshun eight years (1464) collapsed in the first month, aged 38. Buried in the Yuling of the Ming Tombs.

4. Zhu Jianshen, Ming Xianzong

Zhu Jianshen (1447,1February 9, 487-1September 9, 487), that is, Ming Xianzong (1464 to 1487 in office), later renamed Zhu Jiankun. Ming Yingzong, the eldest son of the eighth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his mother, the filial piety queen Zhou.

Zhu Jianshen was originally a prince, but his father Zhu Qizhen was captured by Valla after the Civil War, and his uncle Zhu Qiyu was the emperor. In the third year of Jingtai (1452), Zhu Qiyu abolished Zhu Jianshen as the king of foreign countries, and changed Zhu to the prince according to circumstances. In the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), Zhu Jianshen was once again made a crown prince because of the restoration of Yingzong.

Zhu Jianshen is clever and generous. At the beginning of his reign, he restored the title of Emperor Zhu Qiyu, rehabilitated Yu Qian's unjust case, and appointed Shang Lu and other wise ministers to govern the country. It can be said that he has the demeanor of a king. When the times were clear, many virtuous people in the imperial court were exempted from taxes and reduced in punishment, and the social economy gradually recovered. However, the appointment of evil spirits during his reign cannot be said to be without defects.

In the 23rd year of Chenghua (1487), he died on September 9th at the age of 4 1. Temple number Xianzong, posthumous title, following Tianning, said, "Sincerely and openly respect Wen, Su Wu Hongde, a saint, filial piety and pure emperor". Buried in the Ming Tombs Mausoleum.

5. Ming Shizong Zhu Houzong

Zhu Houzong, the grandson of Zhu Jianshen, Ming Xianzong, and the son of Zhu Shiyuan, King of Xing Xian. In the 16th year of Zheng De (152 1), Emperor Wu of Ming Dynasty ascended the throne in April, and the country name was changed to Jiajing the following year. At the beginning of the throne, the first dynasty was abolished, and the dynasty was one of the new dynasties.

However, there was a dispute with Yang Tinghe and other courtiers on the issue of sealing the king. He attacked the old courtiers, the royal family and the forces of honor and loyalty, took charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs, and the imperial power was highly concentrated. He also attached importance to the role of the cabinet and the power of eunuchs.

But at the same time, he became increasingly decadent. He not only abused the people's strength to build great projects, but also superstitious alchemists and respected Taoism. In the twenty-first year of Jiajing (1542), he moved to Xiyuan (now Beihai and Zhongnanhai in Beijing) and devoted himself to metaphysical practice, begging for longevity every day, regardless of the decline of state affairs. He recorded that Yan Song had been a special country for 20 years, swallowing salaries, corrupting official management and neglecting border affairs. The Japanese army frequently invaded the southeast coastal areas, causing great damage.

North of the Great Wall, Anda Khan, the leader of the Mongolian Tatar Department, constantly invaded the border. In the twenty-ninth year of Jiajing, he even went to Beijing and plundered it. During the Jiajing period, it was always a catastrophe for the Ming Dynasty. ?

Ming Shizong was "ignorant and wise" in employing people, "neglecting merits and demerits", and many heroes were killed and humiliated. Harry, the head of the household department, went to the "public security". Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty was furious and sent him to prison.

In the early period of Jiajing, Sejong, with the assistance of Zhang Cong, carried out drastic reforms, such as cleaning up the place of loyalty and loyalty, guarding the officials of the world, reforming the imperial examination system, and getting rid of the consorts' social customs, which were extensive and achieved remarkable results. So I got a lot of praise.

In the 45th year of Jiajing (1566), Emperor Jiajing died in Gan Qing Palace at the age of 60. Hall number Sejong, posthumous title, Qintian, Benyi, Shengxuan, Wuhedi. He was buried in Yongling of the Ming Tombs in Beijing, and his third son, Zhu Zaihou, succeeded him to the throne.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ming Dynasty

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhu Yuanzhang

Baidu encyclopedia-Judy

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhu Qizhen

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhu Jianshen

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhu Houzong