Stone tablet for water conservancy immigrants

What to see in Nanjing? Some people say that Nanjing is just looking at graves. Nanjing is a heavy industrial city, with Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Ming Mausoleum, Yuhuatai and Memorial Hall for Victims of Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders. It seems that many places are connected with the dead. However, which dynasty did not perish, which city will last forever, and why is Nanjing the only place where people come all the way to see the graves of so many people? Nanjing has many beautiful scenery. How do these tombs stand out from many beautiful scenery?

I think it is not these ancient tombs that attract tourists, but the scenery and architectural features of these ancient tombs, but the history, vicissitudes and legends of their owners.

These people are not ordinary people. They occupy an important position in the history of China. Some of them stirred up the storm, some dominated the world, some brave people left without paying their respects, and some shed their blood for the country and the people.

Although they are gone, their names are deeply engraved in books, paintings and memories from generation to generation.

Nanjing, which has experienced six massacres and countless sufferings in history,

The towering ancient city walls are like the clank and iron bones of Nanjing people;

The Qinhuai River, surrounded by twists and turns, is like the blood flowing in Nanjing.

Today, let's explore the legends and stories in Nanjing tombs!

Located in Zhongshan Scenic Area in the eastern suburb of Nanjing, the Ming Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang and Ma Huanghou, the Ming Emperor, and one of the largest royal mausoleums in China. Inherited the old system of "depending on the mountain as the mausoleum" in Tang and Song Dynasties, and created a new system with square graves as round hills. It has reached the perfect height of harmony between man and nature, and has become an excellent example of the combination of traditional architectural art and culture and environmental aesthetics in China, so it has the reputation of "the first royal mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynasties".

Sun Quan's tomb is located on Meihua Mountain in the Ming Tombs, and it has the reputation of "the best Meishan Mountain in the world". Together with Shanghai Dianshan Lake Meiyuan, Wuxi Meiyuan and Wuhan Donghu Meiyuan, it ranks first among the four Meiyuan. In the early spring, plum blossoms are in full bloom all over the mountain, and the flowers are like clouds, and the fragrance is floating in Wan Li. During the plum blossom season, there are many tourists, and about100000 people come here to enjoy plum blossoms every day.

According to historical records, it was originally named Sunlinggang and Wuwangfen. When Zhu Yuanzhang built the underground palace, some people advocated moving Sun Quan's tomb. Zhu Yuanzhang said: Sun Quan is a hero. Leave his grave and show me the gate. In this way, Sun Ling was completely preserved.

Anyone who has seen the Three Kingdoms knows Sun Quan. Wei Shuwu is a tripartite confrontation, and Sun Quan, the stepbrother of Dongwu Emperor, is a vassal, in charge of Jiangdong inheritance.

Sun Quan's personality is generous, different people have different opinions, and the wise have different opinions, advocating chivalry and cultivating talents. When I was a child, I followed my brother Sun Ce around to participate in internal affairs decision-making. His talent often made my brother feel inferior.

Among the Three Kingdoms, Sun Quan of Soochow never seemed to have Cao Cao and Liu Beiqiang of Shu Wei.

Liu Bei started in the late Wei Dynasty and went through many hardships to become a generation leader. Selling straw sandals, Three Oaths in Taoyuan, Liu Bei's devotion to his son, three visits to the cottage and Liu Bei's marriage, many familiar stories make Liu Huangshu's image cordial and concrete.

Cao Cao was born in a eunuch family, and his image is also very clear. In the battle of Guandu, Guan Yu and Battle of Red Cliffs were recruited, and Cao Cao was eager to quench his thirst. He loves talents, cherishes talents, is brilliant and resourceful. Even if he is called a traitor by many people, he is very attractive.

On the other hand, Sun Quan set fire to Chibi, borrowed the arrow of the grass boat, and Zhou Yu hit Huang Gai, making Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu a household name;

In the battle of Yiling, the Shu army was defeated. It seems that Lu Xun defeated Liu Bei by burning the camp. What is the function of Sun Quan?

Sun Quan is not simple. Think about it. So many governors were finally destroyed, leaving only Wei, Shu and Wu. Can Sun Quan be simple?

First of all, Sun Quan is not jealous of talents. He knows how to use people.

Secondly, the Sun-Liu alliance was established with Liu Bei, and Battle of Red Cliffs defeated Cao Cao, laying the foundation for the tripartite confrontation among the three countries.

Finally, when Liu Bei and dispatch troops criticized him, they decisively appointed Lu Xun as the viceroy to meet Liu Bei. The battle of Yiling defeated the Shu army and stabilized the territory of Jingzhou under the rule of Wu.

/kloc-when he was 0/9 years old, Sun Quan was canonized as a general by the Eastern Han court for soliciting guests, and he was appointed as the prefect of Huiji, and was stationed in Wuxian.

Later, Zhang Zhao was the master, and Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and other old ministers were generals. First, he led the army to destroy Li Shu and won more than 30,000 people in the headquarters; Stop the imperial clan unrest; More than 6 thousand mountains were destroyed and more than 10 thousand mountains were collected. He recruited talents and celebrities, and successively recruited Zhu Gejin, Lu Su, Yan Mou, Bu Zhi, Lu Xun, Xu Sheng, Gu Yong and Gu Shao, which stabilized the hearts of local families and guests and the situation in the south of the Yangtze River. From the eighth year of Jian 'an to the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, Sun Quan attacked Jiangxia County three times, eventually killing Huang Zu and annexing most of Jiangxia County.

Sun Quan is definitely a contemporary hero, not to be underestimated!

Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, is a legend.

Cowherd, once a monk, once a beggar, and finally became the founding emperor. God is not magical?

I used to read poetry that "a general has no seed, and a man should be self-reliant." Sometimes, I always think it's bullshit.

But if you look at Zhu Yuanzhang, you can only sigh again: anything is possible!

Some people say that Zhu Yuanzhang achieved his later position by nepotism.

It was not until Zhu Yuanzhang took refuge in the Red Scarf Army in Guo Zixing that he got a glimpse of the door of power.

She married Ma Shi, the adopted daughter of Guo Zixing, and climbed the ladder of power.

However, with so many soldiers, why did Guo Zixing choose Zhu Yuanzhang as his son-in-law?

Opportunities are always reserved for those who are prepared.

After Zhu Yuanzhang joined the army, he was brave, resourceful and clever. He was quickly appreciated by Guo Zixing and married his adopted daughter to win him over. If Zhu Yuanzhang is incompetent, will Guo Zixing appreciate him and marry his adopted daughter? The answer isno. Being trapped has the value of being trapped.

Besides, Guo Zixing has three sons. If there is a chance to be emperor, then Guo Zixing's three sons are definitely more likely than Zhu Yuanzhang's. However, they didn't take it for granted. The eldest son was the first to die, and the second son was killed three times by Zhu Yuanzhang. It cannot be said that Zhu Yuanzhang definitely has the determination and IQ to do great things. That is, after the death of Guo Zixing's third son, Zhu Yuanzhang turned Guo Jiajun into Zhu Jiajun in an all-round way.

However, it is indeed a great contribution of Ma Shi that Zhu Yuanzhang, a "good wife and bad husband", can become emperor. Everyone knows that Zhu Yuanzhang was born in poverty and didn't read many books. No matter how high IQ and EQ are, illiteracy is his biggest shortcoming, and Ma Shi just makes up for his shortcoming in this respect.

Ma Shi has been smart since childhood, and he can write poems and draw pictures, especially good at history books, and his character is resolute.

Everyone knows that reading history books is great, and Chairman Mao also likes reading history books.

"Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall."

Most things in this world happen in history.

Since Zhu Yuanzhang got Markov, this life has a direction. Ma not only gave him a goal in life, but also advised him to study hard, recruit talents and draw closer to him.

Therefore, if people who don't like learning want to make great progress, they must find a good partner who loves reading and can read.

Is Zhu Yuanzhang cruel?

Zhu Yuanzhang was born in poverty and knew that people's lives were not easy. What he hates most is corrupt officials. It can be said that he has been fighting against corrupt officials all his life. It is said that he was in office for 3 1 year and killed 654,380+0.5 million officials, with an average of nearly 5,000 per year.

Skimming, picking tendons, cutting, castrating, and even flogging to death on the court.

During the Hongwu period, officials were worried about themselves and didn't know if they could come back alive before going to work.

Zhu Yuanzhang's anti-corruption road has gone for thirty-one years, and finally he has reached the "rule of Hongwu"

To corrupt officials, he is indeed cruel, but to ordinary people,

Economically, he made great efforts to resettle land and army, build water conservancy, reduce tax burden, measure land and check household registration;

In education, we advocate the imperial examination and cultivate talents;

Diplomatically, establish a "country without expropriation"

Under his rule, social production resumed and developed year by year, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment.

Therefore, the brutal Ming Taizu-Zhu Yuanzhang was a good emperor of the people. He is not only a good emperor, but also a historical figure worthy of careful analysis. How can a samurai without culture, background and reputation win the support of so many talents and help him achieve the achievements of a generation of emperors?

According to historical records, Zhu Yuanzhang lived in poverty in his early years and had no chance to study, but he was self-aware, respected knowledge very much, attached great importance to scholars, and tried his best to recruit talents and give them opportunities to display their talents. I began to study by myself when I had the opportunity to study, and began to learn poetry after middle age, and my writing style was good.

Looking at the faint altar in the southwest,

Single-car collection, hiking.

The smoke temple is circuitous, cloudy and cloudy, and the wind is bamboo and fir.

Clean, floating nine times,

There are three monasteries among the guests.

Take some time another day to enjoy flowers and birds and see the mountains and rivers.

Zhu Yuanzhang didn't study poetry for a long time. Perhaps his literary talent is not as good as those old pedants. However, he has experienced ups and downs, is used to human suffering, has a good eye for people, and has high emotional intelligence and IQ. He kept learning in practice, which completely made up for his low diploma.

Chang Yuchun's tomb is located at the northern foot of Zijin Mountain outside Taiping Gate in Xuanwu District, Nanjing.

Chang Yuchun was born in poverty, with a strange physical appearance, long arms and great strength. He was successful in learning martial arts and was proficient in all 18 kinds of martial arts. After following Zhu Yuanzhang, he was brave and resourceful, made meritorious military service repeatedly, and never lost in his life. He is a member of Zhu Yuanzhang's account. Chang Yuchun played an important role in Zhu Yuanzhang's rule of the country.

Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, located in Zhongshan Scenic Area in the eastern suburb of Nanjing, is the mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of China's great democratic revolution in modern times. Seen from the air, it looks very much like a "liberty bell" lying on a green carpet. It combines the essence of ancient China and western architecture, solemn, simple and unique, and is known as "the first mausoleum in modern China".

From the archway to the altar, * * * has 392 stone steps, representing 392 million compatriots in China at that time; The eight programs symbolize the five-power constitution of the Three People's Principles. The plane "liberty bell" has the meaning of "arousing people" to warn the world.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen was born in an ordinary family without any background. I studied medicine in my early years, but later I felt that even if I cured someone's illness, I still had to live in dire straits. Therefore, we started to establish Zhong Xing Association and League, and embarked on a road of saving the country and the people.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen grew up in an environment where Chinese and Western cultures blended. The first is the banner of all-round anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, which means "feudal monarchy lasting for two thousand years". He was a great national hero, a great patriot, a great pioneer of China's democratic revolution, the founder of the Republic of China and the Kuomintang of China, an advocate of the Three People's Principles, and founded the five-power constitution. He is honored as "the father of the Republic of China".

Zhong Kai He Xiangning's tomb is located at the foot of Tianbaoshan Mountain in the south of Zijinshan Mountain in Xuanwu District.

Liao is a loyal executor and defender of Sun Yat-sen's three policies of "uniting Russia, uniting with * * * and helping the peasants and workers". He adhered to the three major policies, closely cooperated with domestic producers, supported the revolutionary movement of workers and peasants, and promoted the development of China's national revolution. It has also become a thorn in the side of the Kuomintang Rightists, feudal warlords and imperialist reactionaries. After being assassinated.

He Xiangning is Liao's wife, a pioneer of women's rights, an outstanding representative of the left wing of China Kuomintang, a famous political activist and painter. Formerly known as Jian, also known as Rui Jian, alias Shuangqing landlord. She is the main founder of the Revolutionary Committee of China, a veteran of the Kuomintang, a founding hero of the Republic of China, a loyal executor of the "Three Major Policies", an army of the Anti-Japanese United Front, and one of the founders of New China.

Linggu Temple is not only the "first Zen forest in the world", but also one of the three major Buddhist temples in the Ming Dynasty. During the Republic of China, it was also the cemetery of the fallen soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army. There are 1 10 stone tablets engraved with the list of soldiers killed in the National Revolutionary Army.

Guling Tower is also a memorial tower for fallen soldiers and one of the main buildings in the cemetery for fallen soldiers. The outer wall at the bottom of the tower is engraved with four characters inscribed by Jiang Zhongzheng: "Sincerely serve the country". The side door is "success" and "benevolence", and the back door is "where there is a will, there is a way". Metaphor should mean "success or death" and "where there is a will, there is a way".

Tan Tomb is located in the northeast of Linggu Temple outside Zhongshan Gate in Xuanwu District, Nanjing. It makes full use of the natural conditions of beautiful rocks and deep forests and valleys, and is built on the mountain. The winding and deep tomb is cleverly arranged into a garden-style cemetery, which is very distinctive in the history of cemetery architecture.

Tan used to be the overseer of Guangdong and Guangxi and a native of Chaling, Hunan. Together with Chen and Tan Sitong, they are also called "the three sons of Huxiang";

Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, he was a famous politician and calligrapher in the Republic of China and the founder of Anzu Hunan cuisine. Known as the "Great Calligrapher of Modern Times" and one of the four great calligraphers in the Republic of China, there are two huge gold words on the huge stone tablet in the hillside pavilion of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, which are Tan's calligraphy. Tan is an introducer of the marriage between Jiang and Song.

He served as governor and commander-in-chief of Hunan Province for three times and was awarded the rank of general and marshal. He was one of the important figures in the early years of the Republic of China.

Yuhuatai is located outside the Zhonghua Gate in the south of Nanjing, where the trees are lush, the green area is over 90% and the natural scenery is beautiful. But it is also the holy land of the new-democratic revolution. Hundreds of thousands of * * * producers and revolutionary masses were killed here.

"The six dynasties made yuhua district coagulate the charm of heaven and earth, and a history of youth casts a thousand-year-old platform. "

Yuhuatai is the commanding height in the south of Nanjing, and it has been a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties.

Yimei, the satrap of Zhang Yu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, fought against foreign invasion here.

Yue Fei, a famous anti-Jin star in the Southern Song Dynasty, once defeated Jin Bing here.

The Tianjing Defence War of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the crusade against Qing soldiers in the Revolution of 1911 and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's "Capital Defence War" all ignited bonfires here.

Rain flower, rain flower, falling flowers into flowers, falling flowers into rain.

Speaking of the history of Yuhuatai, it can be traced back to 65438 BC+065438 BC+047 BC, when Taber came here to teach farmers.

Since Gou Jian, the King of Yue, built the "Yuecheng" in 472 BC, Yuhuatai area has become a good place to climb mountains and climb mountains.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Mangang painted stone was also known as Lion Gang, Agate Gang and Jubaoshan.

During the Liang Wudi period in the Southern Dynasties, Buddhism prevailed. It is said that a Taoist master, Guang Yun, often set up an altar here to give lectures. Those who hear more move the Buddha, and the flowers fall in the rain and turn into colorful stones everywhere, hence the name Yuhuatai.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the "Rain Flower View" and "High Wind at the Bottom of Wood" in the scenic spot were listed as one of the "Eighteen Scenes of Jinling" and "Forty-eight Scenes of Jinling" respectively.

"Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, several towers in the misty rain",

"Snow reflects the purple eyebrows of the mountains, and smoke eliminates the tops of trees."

Scholars, poets, emperors and generals in past dynasties, from Zhu Yuanzhang, Kangxi and Qianlong to Li Bai, Wang Anshi and Lu You, and then to Lu Xun, Tian Han and Guo Moruo in modern times, all left beautiful poems chanting Yuhuatai, which made it exude gorgeous cultural atmosphere.

Li Jie rose up with Zhu Yuanzhang at the end of Yuan Yuan and fought in the south and the north. In the Northern Expedition commanded by Ren Guangwu Wei, he died in the battlefield and was buried here.

In the seventeenth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, married Li Jie's daughter as his concubine and took photos of the Sixth Palace.

Fang Xiaoru was a famous scholar, writer, essayist and thinker in Ming Dynasty. Known as "reading seeds"

As we all know, after Zhu Yuanzhang's death, the throne was not passed on to his son, but to his grandson. His son Judy, the prince of Yan, refused to accept it, so he sent troops south and launched the "Battle of Jingnan". After the Prince of Yan went to Beijing, many civil and military officials changed their minds. Who is the emperor? It's all Zhujiajian's anyway, and Fang Xiaoru won't do it.

The prince really didn't want to kill him at first, because Fang Xiaoru is famous. If he can subdue Fang Xiaoru, he can subdue all the literati in the world. So let Fang Xiaoru draft an imperial edict for him. As a result, Fang Xiaoru not only didn't write to him, but also severely scolded Judy. Hui Di Zhu Yunwen is a good-natured scholar. Judy is a humble warrior, but she has no good temper. In a rage, he split Fang Xiaoru in the city and killed more than 800 people. Some people say that ten families were destroyed.

Fang Xiaoru was a Confucian scholar who gave his life for justice and died without regret.

Yang Bang cutting center

In the third year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 129), Wan Yanzong Bi (Wu Shu) led the nomads to invade the south of the Yangtze River and marched straight into Jiankang House (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province). Li Chang, a senior minister in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Chen Bangguang, a bachelor of Xianmo Pavilion, surrendered to the city in succession. At that time, he was sentenced by Jiankang House, but he refused to accept Kim's surrender, cursed Zong Bi and was killed. After Yang Bang's death, Zong Bi cut his heart by caesarean section.

Martyr group carving

This is the northern martyr of Yuhuatai.

Workers in chains who despise the enemy, intellectuals who look on coldly, farmers with wide eyes, female cadres who are not afraid of difficulties, small newsboys who bite their teeth and sip their mouths, and female students who are in prison and full of hope of victory vividly reproduce the glorious image of heroic and unyielding martyrs who are desperate.

This is the most painful memory of Nanjing, and it is a place that Nanjing people don't want to forget and dare not forget. It witnessed the fact that we were slaughtered and humiliated, and also inspired us to become bigger and stronger.

1937, the Republic of China lost in the defending war of Nanjing, and the capital Nanjing fell into disaster. The Japanese invaders carried out bloody atrocities such as organized, planned and premeditated slaughter, rape, arson and robbery in Nanjing and its vicinity for six weeks.

In the Nanjing Massacre, countless families were fragmented, a large number of civilians and prisoners of war were killed by the Japanese army, and 300,000 compatriots were killed.

65438+February 65438+March is the national public holiday day for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre in China.

We love peace, we oppose war, we don't invade others, but we must be strong to deal with the provocation of other countries.

In Nanjing City, you can see tombs not only, but also landscapes, people's hearts, vicissitudes, legends and historical tracks. Walking in Nanjing is like walking in the long corridor of history, just like reading a history book. The beauty of Nanjing, if there is no guide to explain, if you are not good at history, then you will only see the beauty, but not taste the essence of Nanjing.