How special is the period of "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms" in history?

I remember when I was a child reciting historical dynasties, the last sentence was "Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties". Careless classmates thought that after the Tang Dynasty, it was the Song Dynasty. In fact, there was a special historical period between the Tang and Song Dynasties called "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms".

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is a great division period in the history of China. This title comes from the New History of the Five Dynasties, which is a combination of the Five Dynasties (907 ~ 960) and the Ten Kingdoms (902 ~ 979).

Although the Tang Dynasty was very powerful in the history of China, it could not escape the historical fate of ups and downs. First, the "An Shi Rebellion" dealt a heavy blow to the weak "giant" of the Tang Dynasty, and then the "Huang Chao Uprising" broke out, tearing the last face of the Tang Dynasty to pieces. As a result, it was replaced by Zhu Wen (Zhu Quanzhong), a descendant of Huang Chao, and the Tang Dynasty perished.

The Five Dynasties refer to the five regimes in the Central Plains that changed in turn after the collapse of the Tang Dynasty in 907, namely, Hou Liang, the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty and the later Zhou Dynasty. Although the Five Dynasties lasted for five generations, they actually changed too fast. Dynasties and emperors only existed for 53 years. In 960, Zhao Kuangyin launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao in the later Zhou Dynasty. After usurping the throne in the latter Zhou Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty was established, and the Five Dynasties ended.

Hou Liang (907 ~ 923) was the first dynasty in the Five Dynasties. In 907, Zhu Wen, King of Liang, usurped the Tang Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Liang and its capital in Kaifeng (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province). During 909-9 13, Luoyang (now Luoyang City, Henan Province) was established as its capital, which was called Hou Liang in history. The Tang Dynasty officially perished, and the history of China entered the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Before the founding of the great ancestor Zhu Wen, the Houliang fought for hegemony with the predecessor of the later Tang Dynasty, the State of Jin, until its national subjugation. * * * lasted for three emperors, 17 years. Because the emperor's surname is Zhu, and because it is different from Nanliang in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it is called Zhu.

The Late Tang Dynasty (923-936) was a feudal dynasty established by the Shatuo people during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, with Luo Jing (now Luoyang) as its capital, which lasted for 14 years after two emperors. It was also the largest dynasty in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The territory of the late Tang Dynasty was vast, mainly controlling the north of China, bordering the seashore in the east, Longyou and Shuchuan in the west, the Great Wall in the north and Jianghan in the south. From 925 to 933, all southern countries except Nanwu and Nanhan were in the late Tang Dynasty. In 930, the control of the territory reached its peak in the late Tang Dynasty; There are six provinces of Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Hunan and Chongqing, most of Shaanxi, Sichuan and Hubei, parts of Ningxia, Gansu and Guizhou, and Jiangsu, Anhui and Huaibei.

The Late Jin Dynasty (936-947) was a dynasty in the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in the history of China. From 936, when Shi Jingtang, the great ancestor of the Jin Dynasty, was destroyed and the Tang Dynasty was established, to 947, when Qidan was destroyed, the Jin Dynasty experienced two emperors, 12, also known as Shijin, whose capital was initially Xijing Henan Province (now Luoyang City, Henan Province) and then moved to Kaifeng Prefecture, Tokyo. In its heyday, the territory was about Henan and Shandong provinces, most of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and parts of Hebei, Ningxia, Gansu, Hubei, Jiangsu and Anhui.

After the Han Dynasty (947 -950), Liu Zhiyuan established political power. After the demise of the late Tang Dynasty, Shi Jingtang established the late Jin Dynasty and appointed Liu Zhiyuan as our envoy to Hedong. In 947, after Khitan defeated Houjin, he occupied the Central Plains. However, because the Khitan soldiers burned and looted in the Central Plains, they lost the hearts of the people and had to withdraw from the north. Liu Zhiyuan took the opportunity to proclaim himself emperor in Taiyuan, and later conquered Tokyo, with its capital in Kaifeng. After the Han Dynasty, Qin Zhou, Fengzhou and Chengzhou in the southwest belonged to Houshu, and the victory in the northwest belonged to Liao. At its peak, the territory was about Shandong and Henan provinces, most of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and some of Hebei, Ningxia, Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu.

The Hou Zhou Dynasty (95 1-960) was one of the ten countries in the Five Dynasties and the last dynasty of the Five Dynasties. From the fall of Guo Wei in January 9565438 to the establishment of the Han Dynasty, and then to the mutiny in Chen Qiao, Zhao Kuangyin in 960, this country enjoyed 10 years. Kaifeng, the capital of the later Zhou Dynasty, ruled Henan, Shandong, southwestern Shanxi, central and southern Hebei, central Shaanxi, eastern Gansu, northern Hubei and Jiangsu and Anhui areas north of the Yangtze River.

The territory of the Five Dynasties was relatively fixed, with Jianghuai as the boundary. The situation in the ten countries is more complicated. In the Five Dynasties and the Early Song Dynasty, there were many separatist regimes outside the Central Plains, including (Jianguo, Chengdu, Wang Jian), Houshu (Jianguo, Chengdu, Meng Zhixiang), Wu (also known as Yang Wu), Southern Tang (Jiangning, Libian), wuyue (Qian Liu was founded in 907), Min (Wang proclaimed himself emperor) and Chu (Chu). More than ten separatist regimes, such as Gao Jixing and Northern Han (the last regime in the Ten Kingdoms, surnamed Liu, with its capital in Taiyuan), were collectively referred to as the Ten Kingdoms by the New Five Dynasties History and later historians.

After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty from Zhao Kuangyin, the remaining regimes of Jingnan, Wuping, Houshu, Nanhan, Nantang, wuyue and Beihan were unified successively, which basically realized the unification of the South and ended the separation of the ten countries.

Shu (907-925) was one of the top ten regimes, founded by Wang Jian, and its capital was Chengdu (now Sichuan). At its peak, the territory was about most of Sichuan, southeastern Gansu, southwestern Shaanxi and western Hubei, which lasted 18 years.

Houshu (933-966), also known as Shu Meng, is the capital of Chengdu (now Chengdu, Sichuan). In its heyday, the territory was about most of Sichuan, southeastern Gansu, southwestern Shaanxi and western Hubei. Its territory is smaller than that of the former Shu, and the eastern and northern lines of the latter Shu are the most obvious. Xiangfan retreated to Chongqing in the east, and Gansu and Shaanxi retreated to Guangyuan in the north.

On the eve of Wu's demise, its ruling scope started from Haizhou (now Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province) in the north, Qianzhou (now Ganzhou City) in the south, Changzhou in the east and Ezhou (now Wuhan City) in the west, which is roughly equivalent to Jiangsu, Jiangxi, southern Anhui and eastern Hubei today.

At the peak of the Southern Tang Dynasty, there were Qu and Wu in the east, Wuling in the south, Huxiang in the west and Changhuai in the north. It is equivalent to the south of Huaihe River in Jiangsu and Anhui today, the whole of Jiangxi, the eastern part of southern Fujian and Hubei, and the back areas of Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi.

At its peak, Wu Yue ruled over thirteen states: Hangzhou, Viet Nam, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Xiu Xiu, Wu, Mu, Qu, Taiwan Province, Wen, Chu, Ming and Fu. In addition, there are Zhenhai, Zhendong, Zhongwu, Xuande, Vu Thang, Zhangwu and other holiday towns.

Fujian (909-945) was one of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, with Changle (now Fuzhou, Fujian) as its capital and Jianzhou (now Jian 'ou, Fujian) as its capital.

In the heyday of Southern Chu, its jurisdiction included 24 states: Tan, Heng, Yong, Dao, Chen, Shao, Yue, Lang, Li, Chen, Lian, Zhao, Yi, Quan, Gui, Wu, He, Meng, Fu, Yan, Liu, Xiang and Rong.

Southern Han Dynasty (917-971) was one of the regimes in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Located in Guangdong, Guangxi and northern Vietnam, it covers an area of more than 400,000 square kilometers.

Nanping (924 -963), also known as Jingnan, bei chu and Gao Jixing, has its capital in Jingzhou and governs Gui Jing, Zigui (now Hubei) and Xiaxia (now Yichang, Hubei). Although Nanping has a vast territory and a sparse population, it is a north-south transportation hub. At that time, Southern Han, Fujian and Chu all surrendered to the backward Liang and paid tribute to Nanping every year. So Gao Jixing hired an emissary to rob his property. After the Southern Han, Fujian and Chu proclaimed themselves emperors, the Gao family was regarded as "high deadbeat" by all countries in order to get rewards and maintain business contacts. The fifth Gao Jichong landed in Song Taizu in 963, the fourth year of Stegosaurus.

Northern Han Dynasty (95 1-979) was one of the regimes in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and it was also the last regime in the Ten Kingdoms period. The capital Jinyang (now Taiyuan South, Shanxi) is called Taiyuan House. At its peak, the territory was twelve states (one post in ten states), which is about in the middle and north of Shanxi Province today.

After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, the regimes of Jingnan, Wuping, Houshu, Nanhan, Nantang, wuyue and Beihan were carved up one by one, thus realizing the unification of the South.