How did the Sui Dynasty perish?

Yang Di launched wars many times, wasting manpower and material resources, which eventually led to the crisis in the late Sui Dynasty. In the seventh year of Daye (6 1 1), floods occurred in Shandong and Henan, and more than 40 counties were lost. Wang Bo led the rebellion in Changbai Mountain (now Zouping, Shandong Province), resisted the three signs of Koguryo of Emperor Yang Di, and sang the famous Song of Dead Waves in Liaodong. At that time, most of the uprising was concentrated in Shandong, which was quickly suppressed by Sui Jun. In the ninth year (6 13), Liu Yuanjin claimed to be the son of heaven under Wu Jun, and was destroyed in the same year. It was not until Yang Xuangan, the son of Su Yang, mobilized troops for an uprising in Liyang (now Xunxian County, Henan Province) that the children of powerful people took an active part, which led to the mutiny of the whole country, and the ruling group of the Sui Dynasty began to split.

There are Zhai Rang and Shimi crock rebels in Henan. In the 12th year of the Great Cause (6 16), Zhai Rang, at the suggestion of Shi Mi, broke the fortress of Di Chin Pass (now Xingyang, Henan) and laid the foundation for various counties in Xingyang. In the 13th year of Daye (6 17), Wagangjun attacked Luoxingcang, a grain depot far from the capital Luoyang. Zhai Rang gave way to Shi Biao because he was good at fighting. Shi Biao calls himself Duke Wei, with the country name Wei, and lives in Luokou, Luoyang. Later, they occupied Luocang and arrived at the gates of Luoyang. But internal suspicion made Shi Biao kill Zhai Rang and others, and finally surrendered to Yang Dong, the king of Yue.

There is an insurgent army in Dou Jiande, Hebei. In the 12th year of Great Cause (6 16), Dou Jiande led Hebei rebels to all parts of Hebei and occupied parts of Jizhou, Hebei. Two years later, he proclaimed himself King Xia, with the title of Xia.

Du and Fugong are stronger in Jianghuai area. In the ninth year of Daye (6 13), he transferred soldiers and rebelled in Qixian County (now Shandong Province), and then went south to the south of the Yangtze River. In the 13th year of Daye (6 17), Gaoyou was occupied, and Jiangdu (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) was cut off from the north. Du calls himself the general manager, and he has a long history with Fu Hongyou.

The Sui Dynasty quickly collapsed in this situation. As early as 6 16, Yang Di ordered Yang Dong, the king of Yue, to stay in Luoyang, the eastern capital, and led his people to Jiangdu (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu). He ordered the construction of Danyang Palace and planned to move the capital to Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Most of the ministers and guards who followed him were from Guanzhong and Zhongyuan, and they didn't want to live in Jiangnan for a long time. In addition, Jiangdu ran out of food, and everyone fled to the Central Plains. In the 14th year of Great Cause (6 18), in April 1 1, Yu Wenhuaji, Sima De, Pei Gantong and others rebelled, killed Yang Di and made Yang Di's nephew Yang Hao emperor.

Soon, Yu Wenhuaji killed Yang Hao, king of Qin, proclaimed himself emperor Xu, and established his own country. The following year, Li Shentong in the Tang Dynasty and Dou Jiande in the Xia Dynasty jointly fell. In May of the 13th year of the Great Cause (6 17), Taiyuan stayed behind, and Tang Guogong and Li Yuan set out for Jinyang. In November, they occupied Chang 'an and made Yang Di's third grandson emperor [72]? , gaiyuan yining, is for the duke of sui. Tang Gaozu became prime minister and king of the Tang Dynasty.

In the 14th year of Daye (June18), in June 12, Li Yuan forced Emperor Yangdi to meditate. /kloc-in June of 0/8, Li Yuan officially proclaimed himself emperor and established the Tang Dynasty for Tang Gaozu. After the death of Emperor Yangdi of the Central Plains, on June 22nd, the capital Luoyang left Yang Dong, the second grandson of Qigui, as emperor, renamed Taidi, that is, Emperor Yangdi Ai, also known as the emperor's father; The following year (6 19), on May 23rd, Wang deposed Sui, and two months later, Sui Dynasty was destroyed. ?

Extended data:

The Sui Dynasty was destroyed by Yang Di's tyranny, which is the unanimous view of emperors, ministers and historians in the Tang Dynasty. For example, Emperor Taizong often used Yang Di's tyranny as a negative example and repeatedly mentioned the Minister of Education.

This theory of Yang-ti's tyranny has also been recognized by many scholars in later generations, and it is the most common one. Many people think that Emperor Yang Guang of Yang Di is a famous tyrant in history. With the massive people's power and wealth accumulated by his father Wendi, he was able to practice tyranny indefinitely, spend money at will and live an extremely luxurious life. After only 14 years in office, he presided over the construction of Luoyang, the eastern capital, the excavation of the Grand Canal, and three expeditions to Korea and Jiangdu. The heavy rocking service and military service made the people breathless, and his extravagant life and sadistic politics drove the people to death more and more fiercely, which eventually led to a large-scale peasant uprising. The unbearable peasants launched a large-scale counterattack against Emperor Yang and wiped out the shameful prodigal son and tyrant.

As part of this view, some people emphasized the role of Yang-ti in killing North Korea. According to this view, Yang Di sent troops to Korea three times, which caused national outcry and boiling public resentment. Peasant uprisings spread all over Gyeonggi, Kansai, Hebei, Shandong, the Yangtze River basin and Lingnan. This is the biggest mistake of Emperor Yang-ti, and it is also the most important and direct reason for the demise of the Sui Dynasty.

Another view is that Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty is a hero in the history of the Chinese nation. Although he established the Sui Dynasty and unified China, his dictatorship was the reason for the rapid demise of the Sui Dynasty. In the history books, Wendi said: "It is hard to guess by nature ... not ordinary ... only women's words will be used ... they don't laugh often and kill too many people." It was his weakness that led to the demise of the Sui Empire.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Sui Dynasty