Compass immigrants

(12) (1) From coastal utilization to marine development; Advanced technology is applied to navigation; Give priority to economic and cultural exchanges and make peaceful use of them; Mainly based on non-governmental exchanges; Lack of marine awareness. (4 points)

Main changes: the policy of sea ban failed under the impact of the west; Government's passive participation in ocean utilization; All aspects of maritime rights and interests are interfered and controlled by western powers; The number of trading ports has increased and overseas trade has expanded; The understanding of the importance of the ocean is gradually deepening; Marine management agencies have been gradually established, trying to establish effective coastal defense forces; Overseas migration and study abroad have become an important phenomenon, which has a growing influence on China. (Answer 3 points and get 5 points)

Enlightenment: strengthen the consciousness of marine territory and sea power; Exploitation and utilization of marine resources (3 points if justified)

Test analysis: (1) This question is mainly based on the material summary. According to the contents of ocean utilization in past dynasties, its characteristics can be summarized. Ruqi developed "the benefits of fish and salt"; The embryonic form of "Maritime Silk Road" appeared in Han Dynasty. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it became an important way for Buddhism to spread eastward. The use of marine navigation tools such as compass in Song and Yuan Dynasties; In the early Ming Dynasty, under the background of Zheng He's voyage to the West, a number of important maritime works appeared. The idea of "coastal defense" was put forward in the late Ming Dynasty.

(2) Firstly, according to the chronological events provided by the first question and the second material, the changes of marine utilization in the late Qing Dynasty are classified and analyzed. The two materials in this question mainly investigate the ancient and modern marine utilization in China, so the enlightenment can be summarized around the marine utilization, which makes sense.