Classical Chinese essays on Lu Gong’s governance

1. Translation of "Lu Gong Governed the Garden"

Translation of "Lu Gong Governed the Garden":

Lu Gong built a garden and wanted to carve out a pond. His father said: "There is no place to put the soil." Lu Gong then stopped. Someone said: "The soil can be piled up into a mountain." "Gong Lu thought (this opinion) was good and wanted to do it according to his method. His wife said, "Aren't you afraid that your little daughter will fall? " Lu Gong stopped again. (Again) Someone said: "If you build a path leading to the garden and set up a fence around it, what do you have to worry about? " Lu Gong listened to his words and wanted to follow this man's method. Someone at home stopped him and said: "After the garden is repaired, we must have more servants (to take care of it). There is no room (for the servants to live in). It's worth it." Consider it. "Gong Lu hesitated, and the matter (renovation of the garden) came to a halt.

Reference materials:

Gong Lu is Yan Zhenqing [709-784 (one theory is 785)] , named Qingchen, Han nationality, was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi'an, Shaanxi), and his ancestral home is Langya Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong). He was an outstanding calligrapher in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He founded the "Yan style" regular script together with Zhao Mengfu, Liu Gongquan and Ouyang Xun. Known as the "Four Masters of Regular Script"

Ouyang Xiu once said: "Yan Gongshu is like a loyal minister, martyr, moral gentleman, he is strict and respectful, and people are afraid of him at first sight, but as time goes by, he becomes more and more lovable." There must be many people who see treasures in the world, but even though there are many, you will never tire of them. "Zhu Changwen praised his book: "The points are like falling stones, the paintings are like summer clouds, the hooks are like bending gold, and the weapons are like crossbows. There are images vertically and horizontally, and low and high ambitions. Since Xi and Xian, there has never been anyone like Gong. "Yan style calligraphy has had a profound impact on the development of calligraphy art in later generations. Many famous writers after the Tang Dynasty have learned from the success of Yan Zhenqing's reform. Especially in cursive writing, Su Shi once said: "Poetry is like Du Zimei, literature is like Han Tuizhi, and painting is like Wu Taozi, the book is written to Yan Lugong, and the changes in ancient and modern times have made all the things in the world possible. " ("Dongpo's Inscriptions and Postscripts")

2. Classical Chinese translation of the answer to Lu Gong's garden management

Read the following and complete the small question (12 points)

Lu Gong's garden management , I wanted to dig a pond, but my father said, "There is no land to put in." "The public then stopped. Or he said: "The earth can build a mountain. "I want to do good deeds. My wife said, "Aren't you afraid of your children jostling? "The public stopped again. Or he said: "Build a path to lead it and set up railings to protect it. Why worry? "The duke followed it and wanted to do it again. The family members were worried about it and said: "When the garden is completed, there will be more servants and wives. There are not enough servants, so there is no need to worry about it. "The duke was hesitant and went to bed again③. ("New Hundred Yu Jing")

Notes ① Diān zhì: falling, wrestling. ② Lower house: the house where the servants live. ③ Sleeping : Rest, stop.

Question 1 Explain the underlined words in the following sentences (4 points)

(1) Gongshan ( ) (2) Insufficient sexual intercourse ( ) < /p>

Question 2 Which of the following is the correct translation of the underlined sentence (3 points)

A. Build a path straight to the mountain and put railings to protect them, so what are they worried about? < /p>

B. Build a road to let them pass, and design railings to protect the mountain, so what’s the point of worrying?

C. Create a path to pass through, and set up fences to protect it, so what’s the point? What is there to worry about?

D. What is there to worry about when opening a path for people to use and building a fence to protect people?

Question 3: Lu Gong’s behavior in managing the garden is okay. Summarize as " " (Use words from the text to summarize) (2 points)

Question 4: Lu Gong’s father, wife, and family members have different reasons for preventing gardening, but they have limitations in understanding. are the same, that is. (3 points)

Answer Analysis

Question 1 (1) Take... as good (think... is good/right) (2) Sufficient , sufficient

Question 2C

Question 3 Hesitant

Question 4 Seeing the problem one-sidedly (or: only seeing one aspect of things/not Comprehensive; out of selfish considerations)

Analysis of question 1: ① "Good", the conative usage of the adjective, taking... as good, thinking... is good. ② "Sufficient". The word has multiple meanings, enough, sufficient.

Test points: This question tests students’ understanding of the meaning of classical Chinese words.

Comments: The accumulation of content words and function words is the basis for cultivating the ability to read classical Chinese. When understanding the meaning of words in classical Chinese, you must understand it in conjunction with the original sentence, and you cannot understand the meaning of a single word in isolation. In addition, you should also pay attention to the special usage of words, such as ancient and modern synonyms, the use of verbs, Tongqi characters, etc., and try to make the translation accurate and appropriate.

The words "Hey" (what) and "worry" (worry) are accurately translated.

Test points: This question tests students’ ability to translate classical Chinese sentences.

Comments: Sentence translation is also a common test question in classical Chinese reading. When translating a sentence, you should pay attention to grasping the key words in the sentence and translate the key words accurately. In addition, you should also pay attention to the special sentence patterns. When translating, try to be smooth, fluent, and have clear meaning.

Analysis of question 3: Duke Lu wanted to dig a pond. His father said that there was no place to put the excavated soil. Some people said that it could be piled up into a mountain. His wife said that he was worried about the children tripping. Some people said that he could open a pond. The alley was fenced off, and the family said that if this happened, they would have to find someone to take care of the garden, and the house at home would not be enough to live in. Duke Lu was hesitant and didn't know what to do, so he put the matter of building the garden on hold.

Test points: This question tests students’ ability to evaluate the characters in the text.

Comments: When doing character analysis questions, you should analyze the spiritual quality of the character based on his specific words and deeds. When reading articles, you should be good at analyzing the characters' personality traits and spiritual qualities.

Analysis of question 4: The reason why Lu Gong’s father stopped the gardening was because he had no place to put it aside. The reason why his wife stopped the gardening was because he was worried that the children would trip. The reason why the family members stopped the gardening was because To get a garden, you have to hire servants, and the house is not enough to live in. They see the problem in a one-sided way, only seeing one aspect of the problem and ignoring the other.

Test points: This question tests students’ ability to extract, summarize, and filter key information.

Comments: When answering this question, you should read the article carefully and clarify the ideas of the article, or refine and summarize it according to the author's narrative order. The specific method is to first start from the noun concept and extract the information generated by the noun concept or the key sentences containing the concept; the second is to grasp the important concepts or important sentences and extract the information that explains them; the third is to extract the main idea of ??the article, the author's writing intention, and the viewpoint From an emotional and emotional perspective, look for relevant words or sentences; the fourth is to seize sentences with implicit meanings, extract relevant information from the context and transform it to make the meaning of these sentences concrete and clear.

Reference translation

Lu Gong wanted to renovate the garden and dig a pool. His father said: "There is no place to put the soil (dug out)." So Lu Gong gave up the idea of ??digging a pool. Later, someone said: "The soil (from digging the pool) can be piled up to form a mountain." Lu Gong thought this was a good idea and wanted to do it (as the man said). His wife said, "Aren't you afraid that your children will fall?" Lu Gong gave up the idea again. Later, someone else said: "(If) a small road is built to pass through, and a fence is set up to protect (the pool), then what is there to worry about?" Lu Gong followed his suggestion and wanted to (dig the pool) again. One of his family members stopped him and said, "After the garden is completed, we must increase the number of servants and maids. The servants' houses will not be enough. This is worth considering." Lu Gong was hesitant, and the matter of building the garden and digging the pond also happened again. Abandoned.

Note: Self-translated. 3. Answers to Lu Gong’s birthday wishes in classical Chinese

Lu Xueshi’s birthday wishes

Zhao Sicheng, Haolei’an, a native of the capital. One day I passed the residence of Lu Xueshi. Lu said: "What does the public call Zhi?" Zhao said: "Today is the birthday of Mr. "My zhi should also be like this." Entering Qi ②, there is nothing. After hesitating for a long time, I recalled that I had once given a dry fish to my family to take. The family reported that they had eaten and only half of it was left. Lu Gongdu's family had nothing else, so he took half of it and congratulated Zhao Kui. At the west end, I cooked fish and sold wine to drink the two gentlemen. They were so happy that they immediately advocated peace and stopped.

Notes ①Zhi: gift. ②Open: Open the box. ③Zhu: Congratulations, birthday.

11. Explain the punctuated words in the text.

(4 points)

(1) What is the public definition of: to...go, (forward) to, to, to (2) That is to say that half of it is with Zhao Juwen: together, both Of: (2 points)

12. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese, paying attention to the use of function words. (3 points)

Xi Ya cooks fish and sells wine for the two men to drink. Translation: Xi Ya roasted fish and bought wine, and used them to entertain two friends (literally translated as: use them to entertain two friends drinking

13. The punctuated words in the following sentences are the same as "in the future" The item with the same usage of the word "Shou" is (A) (2 points)

A. A wolf cave in which B. Fighting and folding snakes

C. There is a pavilion. Those who fly over the spring D. Those who have good deeds can be carried on the boat

14. From the text, we can see the character traits of Lu Xueshi, Zhao Sicheng, and Xi Ya (at least write down. Two points, 3 points)

Character traits: informal, casual, straightforward, straightforward, values ??friendship, does not value material things, and is sincere. 4. Classical Chinese "Guan Zi Governing the Country"

(Original text of the first paragraph) Any way to govern a country must first enrich the people.

If the people are rich, it is easy to govern, but if the people are poor, it is difficult to govern. Xi Yi knows this? If the village values ??the family, then the superiors will fear the crime, and if the superiors fear the crime, it will be easier to cure.

If the people are poor, they will endanger the township and despise the family. If they endanger the township and despise the family, they will dare to punish the superiors and violate the prohibitions. Therefore, it will be difficult to cure the superiors. A country that is governed will always be rich, but a country that is in chaos will always be poor.

Those who run the country with kindness must first enrich the people and then govern them. In the past, the seventy-nine generations of kings had different laws and orders. Why do you want to rule the world? The country must be rich and have a lot of millet.

If a country is rich, it is born from agriculture. Therefore, those who are in a hurry for the country must first prohibit writing skillfully and then prohibit writing skillfully. *** If there is no place for people to go and eat, they must farm.

If the people are farming, the fields will be cultivated, and if the fields are cultivated, there will be more millet. If the country is rich, the army will be strong, and if the army is strong, it will be victorious. , The victor has a vast territory.

Therefore, the former king knew that the people, the strong army, the vast territory, and the rich country must grow from millet, so he banned the last work, stopped the ingenuity, and benefited the agriculture. The most wonderful thing is that one day's work is enough to eat five days later.

A farmer's work is not enough to feed himself. If nothing is done, the land will be barren and the country will be poor. (Translation of the first paragraph) In general, the principle of governing a country is to make the people rich first. If the people are rich, it will be easier to govern, and if the people are poor, it will be difficult to govern.

How do we know this? When the people are wealthy, they are content to live in the countryside and cherish their homes. When they are at home and love their homes, they respect their emperor and fear punishment. When the people are poor, they are uneasy about their homes and despise their homes. If you live in the countryside and neglect your family, you will dare to resist the emperor and violate the prohibitions.

Therefore, a well-governed country will always be rich, and a chaotic country will inevitably be poor. A monarch who is good at presiding over the country must first make the people rich and then govern them.

In the past, monarchs in the past had different laws and orders, but they were able to unify the world. Why is this? ? It must be because the country is rich and has a lot of food. Most of the country's food comes from agriculture, so the previous saint kings attached great importance to agriculture.

Whenever it is an urgent matter to govern the country, extravagant industry, commerce and luxury must be banned first. The manufacture of goods was prohibited, and the people could not wander around in search of food. The people could not wander in search of food, so they had no choice but to engage in agriculture. When the people engage in agriculture, the land will be cultivated, and if the land is cultivated, the food will increase. When the food increases, the country will be rich. If the country is rich, the army will be strong. If the army is strong, the war will be won. If the army is victorious, the land will be vast.

Therefore, the previous sage kings understood that a large population, strong military strength, vast territory and national wealth must come from food, so they banned luxury industry and commerce and the production of luxury goods in order to facilitate the development of agriculture. Nowadays, people who are engaged in luxury industry, commerce and luxury goods production can eat for five days.

Farmers work all year round but cannot maintain their families' lives. In this way, the people gave up agriculture and engaged in luxury industry and commerce.

If you abandon agriculture and engage in luxury industry and commerce, the land will be barren and the country will be poor. (Original text of the second paragraph) Ordinary farmers have less than a month but more than a year, and the expedition is urgent and there is no time, so they can borrow *** times to support the expedition.

There is a time for those who work hard, but the benefits are not enough, and they borrow *** times to get mediocrity.

Buying five in autumn and shedding in spring are double loans.

Therefore, according to the above evidence, the amount of money borrowed from the people will be doubled for four times, including the rent from the city, the millet collected from the treasury, and the affairs of the public servants. In these four periods, the loan should also be doubled. A husband feeds four masters with one people, so those who flee are unable to be stopped by punishment, and there is little grain but no accumulation among the people.

To the east of Songshan Mountain, between the river and the river, fleas are born and killed later. Where the grains are eaten, there are four kinds and five harvests. A middle-aged man earns two shi per mu, and a husband earns 200 shi per mu.

Nowadays, the barns are empty and the people have no accumulation. The farmers who make porridge have no skills to even it out. Therefore, the previous kings made it possible for farmers, scholars, merchants, and workers to make trades and exchanges, so that the benefits throughout the year would not be exceeded.

It is based on the unity of the people to achieve equality. When the people cultivate a field, there will be no treachery.

If the fields are cultivated, there will be more millet, and if there is more millet, the country will be rich. Treachery does not produce *** cure.

To be rich and rule is the way of a king. (Translation of the second paragraph) In agriculture, the characteristic of income is that it is often insufficient on a monthly basis, but may be more than enough on an annual basis.

However, the government's tax collection was urgent and not scheduled. Farmers had to borrow "one for two" loan sharks to cope with the tax collection. There are seasonal restrictions on plowing and weeding, but the rain may not be enough in time, so farmers have to borrow "one for two" loan sharks to hire people to water the fields.

The price of grain bought by merchants in autumn is "five" and the price of grain sold in spring is "ten". This is another usurious loan of "one for two". Therefore, when the above levies are included, the number of doubled demands on farmers reaches four items, because the city's rent tax, the collection from the treasury, one-tenth of the grain levy and various labor services are all put together.

— Added up throughout the year, it’s equivalent to a “one for two” loan shark. A peasant has to support four creditors, so even if the king punishes those who flee, the monarch cannot stop the peasants from fleeing. This is because there is little food and the peasants have no savings.

From the eastern foothills of the mountains to the Yellow River and Ru River. The crop growth period is early and the withering period is late, making it a good place to increase grain production.

Plant in all seasons and reap in all grains. In the medium-term, the annual yield per mu is two kilos of grain.

One laborer can plow a hundred acres and harvest two hundred stones. Today the country's granary is empty and the people have no savings.

The reason why farmers sell their sons and daughters is that the monarch has no way to balance people's income. Therefore, the sage kings of the past generations always paid attention to the fact that even if farmers, scholars, merchants, and workers exchanged their industries, their annual incomes could not exceed each other.

In this way, farmers can specialize in agriculture and their income can be balanced with other industries. If farmers focus on farming, their fields will be cultivated, and no evil will happen.

If the fields are cultivated, the food will increase, and if there is more food, the country will be rich. If there is no such thing as cunning, the people will be in peace.

Being wealthy and stable is the path to becoming a king. (Original text of the third paragraph) A country without millet will perish; if millet grows, the dead will dominate; if millet grows, the dead will not be the king.

Millet is where the people return; millet is where the wealth is; millet is where the land is. If there is too much millet, the world's supplies will be exhausted.

Therefore, Shun first moved to Chengyi, then moved to Chengdu, and then moved to Chengdu. Shun did not impose severe punishments and prohibitions, but when the people returned, those who left would be harmed, and those who followed would benefit.

The former kings were good at eliminating harm and bringing benefits to the people, so the people of the world returned to them. The so-called profit-promoting means benefiting farming; the so-called removing harm means prohibiting harm to farming.

If farming is successful, there will be more millet. If there is more millet, the country will be rich. If the country is rich, the country will be settled and the family will be settled. If the village is settled and the family is settled, the people will not be evil even if they change customs and habits and drive people to immigrate. also. This is the result of millet.

If the government is unfavorable to the farmers, there will be less millet. If there is less millet, the people will be poor. If the people are poor, they will neglect the family. If the family is neglected, it will be easy to leave. If it is easy to leave, the orders will not be carried out. If the orders cannot be carried out, the prohibition will not be carried out. Stop, prohibition cannot be stopped. 5. What is the translation of the classical Chinese text "The Lu and Zhu Family"?

The full sentence is: The Lu and Zhu Family are at the same time as Gaozu.

Translation: The Zhu family of Lu State and Gaozu were of the same era.

The full text is: The Lu and Zhu family were at the same time as Gao Zu. The people of Lu all believed in Confucianism, while the Zhu family believed in chivalry. There are hundreds of living heroes in the collection, and the rest are indescribable mediocre people. Since Yin escaped from the misfortune of General Ji Bu, Ji Bu Zungui will never be seen again. From the east of the pass, everyone stretches their necks and is willing to make friends.

Ji Bu was a native of Chu. He became a knight because of his anger and became famous in Chu. Xiang Ji sent several generals to embarrass the king of Han. After Xiang Yu's death, Gaozu bought a thousand pieces of gold for him and dared to hide it, which was a crime for the three clans. Ji Puni was the Zhou family in Puyang.

Zhou said: "The generals of the Han Dynasty are in a hurry, and their traces have reached the minister's house. The general can listen to the minister, and the minister dares to offer his advice. If it fails, I would like to commit suicide first." He put it in a Guangliu cart and sold it to the Lu Zhu family with dozens of children in his family.

The Zhu family knew that it was Jibu, so they bought the land and set it up. They warned their sons: "If you listen to this slave about farm matters, you will eat with him." The Zhu family took a jian chariot to Luoyang to see Ru Yinhou Teng Gong, Teng Gong stayed at Zhu's house to drink for several days, because he said to Teng Gong: "What is Ji Bu's great crime? Why do you need to ask for it so urgently?" Teng Gong said: "How do you think Ji Bu is like a human being?" He said: "A virtuous man." "The Zhu family said: "Every minister is responsible for his own affairs, and Ji Bu is responsible for Xiang Ji's duties. How can the ministers of the Xiang family punish the evildoers? The world is not vast! And because Ji Bu is so talented, the Han people are so eager to go south. If they don't go north, they will go south. Why don't Wu Zixu attack the tomb of King Jingping calmly? "What a shame!"

Your Yin Hou Teng Gong knew that the great hero of the Zhu family wanted Ji Bu to hide in his place, so he promised to wait for a while, and it turned out to be just like the Zhu family pointed out. Shang Nai pardoned Ji Bu. At that time, most of the princes believed that Ji Bu could destroy hardness and turn softness into softness, and the Zhu family was also known for this reputation in the world.

Ji Bu summoned him, thanked him, and worshiped him as a doctor.

(Selected from "Historical Records·Biographies of Rangers" 6. The original text of the classical Chinese text of Cao Mo from Lu

Cao Mo from Lu

Cao Mo is a person from Lu, He used his courage to serve Duke Zhuang of Lu. Duke Zhuang was a strong general. He fought against Qi and was defeated three times. Duke Zhuang of Lu was afraid, so he offered the land of Suiyi to make peace.

Duke Huan of Qi promised to make an alliance with Lu Hui in Ke. Duke Huan and Duke Zhuang made an alliance on the altar. Cao Meng held a dagger and robbed Duke Huan of Qi. None of Duke Huan's left and right people dared to move, and he asked, "What do you want, general?" Cao Meng said. "Qi is strong and Lu is weak, and the big country invades Lu. Now that Lu's city is destroyed, it will overwhelm Qi's territory. You have your own plans!" Duke Huan then promised to return to Lu's invaded territory, and Cao Meng threw his dagger at him. After getting off the altar, the officials were seated in the north. Their appearance remained unchanged and their speech remained the same. Duke Huan was angry and wanted to double his promise, but Guan Zhong said, "No. I am greedy for small gains for my own pleasure, and have abandoned my trust among the princes, losing the support of the world. It is better to fight with him." " So Duke Huan then ceded the land invaded by Lu, and all the lands that Cao Cao lost in three battles were restored to Lu. 7. Classical Chinese translation of < >

Any way to govern a country must first enrich the people.

< p> If the people are rich, it will be easy to govern, but if the people are poor, it will be difficult to govern. You know this? If the people are prosperous, they will respect their families.

If the people are poor, they will endanger the countryside and neglect their families. If they endanger their villages and neglect their families, they will dare to violate the prohibitions. If the superiors violate the prohibitions, it will be difficult to govern. Therefore, when a country is governed, it will always be rich, but when it is in chaos, it will always be poor. To serve a country, one must first enrich the people and then govern them. Translation: The principle of governing a country is to make the people rich first. If the people are rich, it will be easier to govern. If the people are poor, it will be difficult to govern.

How do you know this? If you are content with your country and cherish your home, if you are content with your country and love your family, you will respect your emperor and be afraid of punishment. If you respect your emperor and fear crime, it will be easier to govern. If the people are poor, they will not be content with living in the country and despise their home. If you resist the emperor and violate the prohibition, it will be difficult to govern.

Therefore, a well-governed country will always be rich, and a chaotic country will inevitably be poor. Therefore, a monarch who is good at governing the country must be poor. We must first make the people rich and then govern them.

In the past, seventy-nine generations of kings had different legal systems and different orders. How could they rule the world but have a rich country? Yes. If the country is rich, there will be plenty of millet, so the former kings will cherish it.

Anyone who is in urgent need of the country must first ban the end of writing skillfully, and the end of writing skillfully ban ***. There is nothing to travel about, and the people have nowhere to travel. If you eat, you must farm. If you cultivate the fields, you will have more millet. If you have more millet, you will have a rich country. If you have a strong army, you will be victorious. The conqueror will have a vast territory. A strong army, a vast territory, and a rich country must be born from millet, so it is forbidden to do it at the end of the day, so as to benefit the farmers. What you do at the end of the year is not enough to support yourself.

However, if you neglect your ability and fail to do anything, the land will be depleted and the country will be poor. > Translation: In the past, monarchs in the past dynasties had different laws and orders, but they were able to unify the world. What is the reason? It must be because the country is rich and has a lot of food. Most of the country's wealth comes from agriculture, so the previous saint kings all attached great importance to agriculture.

As long as it is an urgent task to govern the country, we must first ban luxury industry and commerce and the manufacture of luxury goods. If these are banned, the people will not be able to wander around in search of food, and the people will have no choice but to engage in agriculture. When the people engage in agriculture, the land will be cultivated, and if the land is cultivated, the food will increase. When the food increases, the country will be rich. If the country is rich, the army will be strong. If the army is strong, the war will be won. If the army is victorious, the land will be vast.

Therefore, the previous sage kings understood that a large population, strong military strength, vast territory and national wealth must come from food, so they banned luxury industry and commerce and the production of luxury goods to facilitate the development of agriculture. Nowadays, people who are engaged in luxury industry, commerce and luxury goods production can eat for five days.

Farmers work all year round but cannot maintain their families' lives. In this way, the people gave up agriculture and engaged in luxury industry and commerce.

If you abandon farming and engage in luxury industry and commerce, the land will be barren and the country will be poor. Farmers who don't have enough months but have more than 10 years to live are like this. If the expedition is urgent and there is no time, they can lend 100 times the loan to the expedition.

There is a time for those who work hard, but the benefits are not enough, and they borrow *** times to get mediocrity. Buying five in autumn and shedding in spring are double loans.

Therefore, according to the above evidence, the amount of money borrowed from the people will be doubled for four times. The rent from the city, the millet collected from the treasury, and the affairs of the public servants, these four times should also be doubled. A husband feeds four masters with one people, so those who flee are unable to be stopped by punishment, and there is little grain but no accumulation among the people.

Translation The characteristic of agricultural income is that it is often insufficient on a monthly basis, but may be more than sufficient on an annual basis. However, the government's tax collection was urgent and not scheduled. Farmers had to borrow "one for two" loan sharks to cope with the tax collection.

There are seasonal restrictions on plowing and weeding, but the rain may not be enough in time, so farmers have to borrow "one for two" loan sharks to hire people to water the fields. Merchants buy grain for "five" in the fall and sell grain for "ten" in the spring. This is another usurious loan of "one for two".

Therefore, taking into account the above levies, the number of doubled demands on farmers reaches four items, because of the city's rent tax, the treasury collection, one-tenth of the grain levy and various labor services Put it all together. - Added up throughout the year, it’s equivalent to a “one for two” loan shark.

A peasant has to support four creditors, so the king can also punish the fleeers and stop the peasants from fleeing. This is because there is little food and the peasants have no savings. To the east of Songshan Mountain, between the river and the river, fleas are born and killed later. Wherever the grains are eaten, which one is the best? There are four kinds and five are harvested.

A middle-aged man earns two shi per mu, and a husband earns 200 shi per mu. Nowadays, the barns are empty and the people have no accumulation. The farmers who make porridge have no skills to even it out.

Therefore, the previous kings made it easy for farmers, scholars, merchants, and workers to do business, and there was no way to overdo each other's benefits throughout the year. This is achieved by uniting the people.

When the people cultivate a field, there will be no cleverness. If the fields are cultivated, there will be more millet, and if there is more millet, the country will be rich.

Cunning does not produce *** cure. To be rich and rule is the way of a king.

Translation: From the eastern foot of Gaoshan Mountain to between the Yellow River and Ru River. The crop growth period is early and the withering period is late, making it a good place to increase grain production.

Plant in all seasons and reap in all grains. In the medium-term, the annual yield per mu is two kilos of grain.

One laborer can plow a hundred acres and harvest two hundred stones. Today the country's granary is empty and the people have no savings.

The reason why farmers sell their sons and daughters is that the monarch has no way to balance people's income. Therefore, the sage kings of the past generations always paid attention to the fact that even if farmers, scholars, merchants, and workers exchanged their industries, their annual incomes could not exceed each other.

In this way, farmers can specialize in agriculture and their income can be balanced with other industries. If farmers focus on farming, their fields will be cultivated, and no evil will happen.

If the fields are cultivated, the food will increase, and if there is more food, the country will be rich. If there is no such thing as cunning, the people will be in peace.

Being wealthy and stable is the path to becoming a king. A country without millet will perish; if millet grows, the dead will dominate; if millet grows, the dead will become the king.

Millet is where the people return; millet is where the wealth is; millet is where the land is. If there is too much millet, the world's supplies will be exhausted.

Therefore, Shun first moved to Chengyi, then moved to Chengdu, and then moved to Chengdu. Shun did not impose severe punishments and prohibitions, but when the people returned, those who left would be harmed, and those who followed would benefit.

The former kings were good at eliminating harm and bringing benefits to the people, so the people of the world returned to them. The so-called profit-promoting means benefiting farming; the so-called removing harm means prohibiting harm to farming.

If farming is successful, there will be more millet. If there is more millet, the country will be rich. If the country is rich, the country will be settled and the family will be settled. If the village is settled and the family is settled, the people will not be evil even if they change customs and habits and drive people to immigrate. also. This is the result of millet.

If the government is unfavorable to the farmers, there will be less millet. If there is less millet, the people will be poor. If the people are poor, they will underestimate the family. If the family is underestimated, it will be easy to leave. If it is easy to leave, the orders will not be followed. If the orders cannot be followed, the prohibitions will not be implemented. Stop, if the ban cannot be stopped, the battle will not be won, and the defense will not be strong. You don’t have to follow your husband’s orders. 8. Translation of Emperor Yao’s Classical Chinese Texts on the Governance of the Country

Emperor Yao was the one who showed great merit①. His benevolence is like heaven, and his knowledge is like God. Look at it like the sun, look at it like clouds. Able to understand and tame virtue ②, to be close to the nine tribes. Since the nine tribes are in harmony, they will regulate ③ common people ④. It was ordered that Xi and He ⑤ should respect and obey Haotian's numbering method, the sun, moon and stars, and respect the people's time. On the 366th day of the year, it is the fourth o'clock in the leap month. Trust orders ⑥ hundreds of officials, all merits ⑦ are prosperous.

Emperor Yao was a man of honor. He is as kind as heaven and as wise as God. Being close to him warms the heart like the sun; looking up to him is like clouds covering the earth. He can respect virtuous people and make nine generations of the same clan love each other. Since the people of the same clan were at peace, they went to inspect the officials. Emperor Yao ordered the Xi family and the He family to follow the will of God, draw up a calendar based on the appearance and appearance of the sun and the moon, and the position of the stars, and carefully teach the people the production seasons. There are 366 days in a year, and leap moons are used to correct the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. Emperor Yao sincerely warned all officials to keep their duties, and all kinds of things were done.