High School History: Look at the table below —— Comparison of the Southern Maritime Silk Road in Han, Tang and Song Dynasties.

The earliest and most detailed record of the maritime "Silk Road" route is the famous Hanshu? Geography. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, after Emperor Wu Pingnan Vietnam, he sent envoys to sail the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean along the route opened by Baiyue people, passing through Southeast Asia, crossing the Bay of Bengal, reaching the southeast of the Indian Peninsula and returning to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). This route was opened during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, marking the beginning of the Maritime Silk Road.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, "It was not until the ninth year of Emperor Huan (166) that An Dun, king of the Great Qin Dynasty, sent envoys to offer ivory, rhinoceros horn and tortoise shells from Japan." This is the first recorded sea trip between China and the Roman Empire.

Businessmen shipped silk and porcelain to India via Malacca and Sumatra by sea, and bought spices and dyes to transport back to China. Indian merchants then transported silk and porcelain to Cairo Port in Egypt through the Red Sea or to the two river basins in Antioch through the Persian Gulf, and then Greek and Roman merchants transported them from Alexandria, Gaza and other ports in Egypt to Greek and Roman city-states through the Mediterranean Sea.

After the middle Tang Dynasty, the Silk Road in the northwest was blocked, the economy in North China was weak, the economy in South China was developing day by day, and maritime traffic began to flourish [3]. Countries that trade with China: China, Persia, Tianzhu, Lion Country, Dandan, Pan Pan, Sanfo Qi.

Route: Set sail from Quanzhou or Guangzhou, passing through Hainan Island, Guo Huan (in today's Vietnam), Mendu, Guwan, Longyamen, Luoyue, Sri Lifo, Hu Ling, Guluo, Koguryo, Shengdeng, Bulu, Lion, Nantianzhu, Brahman, Xinduhe and TiLuo Lu. At the same time, people from the Tang Dynasty emigrated overseas. Among them, in 200 1 year, the South Korean Lin family went to Pengcheng, Hui 'an, Quanzhou to seek roots and worship their ancestors, which is even more legendary. Tang Lin's ancestors crossed the sea in South Korea, and so far they have multiplied 6.5438+0.2 million people.

Du You, a Tang Dynasty man, summed up the traffic in the South China Sea in the past dynasties: "In (116-1years ago), the general Lu Bode traveled hundreds of miles down to Nanjun, Japan, and has been given to other countries since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. After Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, both Daqin and Tianzhu sent envoys to contribute. There are also Wu's, who sent Xuanhua and Zhonglang Kangtai as envoys to various countries, and their stories and rumors have been circulated in hundreds of countries. People who know China in Jin Dynasty, Gai Xian. During the Song and Qi Dynasties, there were as many as ten countries. Since Wu Liang and Emperor Yangdi, all countries have done more than the previous generation. The "Holy Religion" after Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty is far from being retranslated, and more than Liang and Sui Emperor. "

According to China's classical literature, during the Song and Yuan Dynasties (1098-1 100), ships in China used compasses for navigation, and in the Ming Dynasty, compass navigation was widely used. At that time, the seamen who were in charge of the ship's navigation direction all had a secret "Sea Needle Sutra", which listed in detail the needle routes from Guangzhou or Quanzhou to and from western countries.

The Song Dynasty was successively in Guangzhou, Lin 'an Prefecture (Hangzhou), Qingyuan Prefecture (Mingzhou, now Ningbo), Quanzhou, Banqiao (now Yinghai Town of Jiaozhou), Huating County (now Songjiang), Zhenjiang Prefecture, Pingjiang Prefecture (Suzhou), Wenzhou, Jiangyin Army (now Jiangyin) and Ganpu Town (now Haiyan). Among them, Guangzhou, Quanzhou and Mingzhou are the largest. Quanzhou became the largest port in the world, the largest port in the East and the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty.

Countries that trade with China: Zhancheng, Zhenla, Sanfo Qi, Kelantan, Boni, Ba LAM Raymond, Lanburi, Dice, Sanyu, Dashi, Daqin, Persia, Baida, Majia, Lu Yi, Jiulin, Xilan, Dengliumei, Zhongli, Priru, Hugendo, Sigarino and Lu Yi. There are monographs such as Answering the Questions at home and abroad, Records of the Confused, etc., which record the trade between countries and China.