Ancient DNA can reveal the mystery of prehistoric immigrants in Europe.

Let's face it: even with modern conveniences like U-shaped trailers and cartons, moving is a painful thing. For the Neolithic people who lived in Europe 5000 years ago, obstacles, lack of transportation and unforgivable spirit wandering on predators must be insurmountable. Chris taylor Smith, a researcher in human genetics at the Sanger Institute in the United Kingdom, said: "In the past, some humans could indeed move hundreds of kilometers, but most people at that time could not move." The 600-year-old tomb found next to Canaan Palace may contain the remains of members of the royal family. Ancient DNA helps scientists to reveal how ancient Africans moved and mixed.

Yes, however, new research based on new drawing technology shows another view. By combining genetic data with archaeology, the researchers analyzed the DNA of more than 300 ancient Europeans in Eurasia and the Near East, and found that these people may have accidentally wandered far away. They found that 50% of ancient bones were buried in graves more than 0/00 miles away from their birthplace/kloc-,30% were buried in graves 620 miles away, and the rest were wandering away from home 1900 miles away.

"This is the first time in history that anyone has been able to do this," said Yilan Elheck, a geneticist at the University of Sheffield, one of the pioneers of this new technology. "We can see the emergence of agriculture, people moving because they run out of land and then irrigate the system. With the migration of population, they replaced all hunter-gatherers. " Ehek and his team presented their preliminary findings at the meeting of the European Association of Human Genetics last month. Archaeologists and geneticists speculate on how and where humans migrated to Europe. According to the skeletal remains, they believe that Europe was the settlement of modern humans 45,000 years ago, when humans migrated from Africa to other parts of the world. When the last ice age began 25,000 years ago, the population of Europe was greatly reduced, except for some staunch followers who found living conditions in southern Europe.

"Archaeologists have long believed that Europe was colonized by a constant wave of hunting and gathering. Based on the obvious differences, Ewen Callaway wrote in Nature: "Among the stone tools and bone shell ornaments found in the ruins of Europe and the Middle East,

But until recently, archaeologists were able to compare their material data with the stories told by genetics. With the latest progress in analyzing ancient DNA, we began to have a clearer and more complicated understanding of these humans and their lives.

…

DNA is notoriously fragile. It can only survive well under certain environmental conditions, and prefers cold places. In human samples, the best place to find it is the petrous bone on the skull near the ear. However, even if you have obtained some useful DNA, you will encounter a series of obstacles in mining it to obtain useful information.

Extracting ancient DNA and sequencing it with the next generation technology will produce a lot of information. DNA comes not only from ancient humans, but also from the surrounding environment, and perhaps from the pollution brought by modern researchers. In order to solve this problem, researchers rely on computer-aided identification of a single mitochondrial DNA sequence (the existence of multiple sequences indicates the existence of pollution) and find out the degradation mode of human DNA.

But once these human DNA fragments are extracted from the chaos, they can open the world of discovery. We can learn everything from ancient humans, such as Ozzie the Iceman Mummy, what to eat and what to wear, to the frequency of Neanderthals and human births. Taylor Smith said, "I think this is one of the most exciting developments in science in recent decades." . People Taylor Smith said, "we are all mongrel dogs, and our ancestors made sense." "."Throughout prehistoric times, mixing has been going on, and I think we will see this in every corner of the world, because we will study the details at this level. "