Why did the Ming Dynasty voluntarily give up Vietnam?

During the reign of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, the counties and counties in Vietnam were once restored. According to the administrative division model of the mainland, the departments of undertaking propaganda and deploying political affairs, commanding and deploying military affairs and bringing up judges and envoys were established. The official name of Vietnam is Jiaozhi Chengxuan and deploying political affairs, which is customarily called Jiaozhi Province, such as Sichuan Chengxuan and deploying political affairs, which is customarily called Sichuan Province. However, in the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty, we had to give up the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Communications and change "province" into "country". What was the reason?

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In the early Ming Dynasty, Vietnam was under the rule of the Chen Dynasty (1225-14). When the Ming Dynasty became its ancestor, the Chen Dynasty was usurped by the powerful minister Li Jili (that is, Jili Hu). At the request of the legacy of the Chen Dynasty in Vietnam, the Ming Dynasty sent troops to Vietnam and wiped out the Chen Dynasty in 147. According to the Vietnamese historical book "Da Yue Shi Quan Shu", Later, Ming Chengzu issued "Safe Nanzhao", claiming that in response to the request of Annan official aged person, the local name was changed to "address". This is the origin of the establishment of toe-crossing province in Ming Dynasty.

Since the establishment of the Ministry of Public Affairs and Communications, the local people have been in constant trouble, and the Ming Dynasty will use troops every year. Li Li Uprising broke out in 1418, and all parts of Vietnam responded, and its power grew rapidly. The Ming Dynasty sent troops to suppress the defeat, and Liu Sheng, the general commander of the Ming army, suffered a major defeat in the local area. In 1427, the Ming Dynasty negotiated peace with Li Li, and the Ming Dynasty abolished the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Political Affairs, ending its direct rule over Vietnam. Li Li built a large country and made Hanoi its capital (Shenglong), which was called the post-Li Dynasty (1428-1789). Later, Vietnam was incorporated into the tribute system of the Ming Dynasty, and An Nan Guo was always a vassal state of the Ming Dynasty.

The statue of Li Li is regarded as a national hero in Vietnam today.

when we look at this period of history, we must jump out of the theoretical framework of modern international relations. Neither China in the Ming Dynasty nor Annan belonged to a modern nation-state with the concept of international law. The Ming Dynasty is a central dynasty, where the whole country is a king's land and the coast of the land is a king's minister. The mainland is a county and the periphery is a vassal country. According to the distance, it is "a tribute every three years" or "a tribute every five years" or "a tribute every ten years".

Ming Chengzu sent troops to Vietnam only because he was angry with Li Jili's rebellion, but he didn't have any concept of sovereignty. He managed it according to the administrative model of the mainland when he couldn't find any descendants of the Chen Dynasty. Later, he had to use troops year after year because of direct management of Vietnam, so he had to admit the rule of the later Li Dynasty over Vietnam, abolish the province and change the country, which in itself was in line with the interests of the Ming Dynasty, and the important significance of the country was to "fence for the country." The Ming court was not incapable of directly ruling Vietnam, but existed in the form of a vassal state, which was more in line with the interests of the Ming dynasty.