"Sea Ban and "Sea Relocation Order"

The "Sea Ban" and the "Sea Relocation Order" were promulgated. Coastal residents from Shandong to Guangdong were forced to move 35 to 50 miles inland. Merchant ships and fishing boats were not allowed to sail out to sea. It was ( ) A. During the reign of Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty B. Shunzhi period C. Yongzheng period D. Qianlong period

Countries around the world regard accurate population quantity, population quality, population structure and population distribution as the basis for scientific governance and macro decision-making.

Material 1 China is the first country in the world to conduct a census. The "Shangji System" established by Qin Shihuang is a statistical system for population, money and grain. The Han Dynasty had the "Fu Calculation Law"; the Sui Dynasty had the "Registration Loss Law"; the Tang Dynasty had the "Household Registration Law"; the Song Dynasty adopted the "Three Guarantees Law"; Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, promulgated the "Household Registration Notes" in the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty. The people who were forced into slavery were chased out according to their registration status and classified as national households, so that the population continued to increase; the Ming Dynasty had a "household allowance system". In the 14th year of Hongwu's imperial edict, the country was ordered to compile a yellow book and a land fish scale atlas. The yellow book was Household registration data is based on households and records population changes. Fish scale books are cadastral data based on fields and records the measurement of farmland conditions.

——Zhang Shuwen "How did the ancients carry out research activities"

(1) What characteristics of ancient Chinese demography are reflected in the institutional names of ancient Chinese population records? Explain the purpose of ancient population records.

Material 2 In the first national census in 1790, 17 U.S. federal judicial district governors appointed 200 assistants. They rode across the United States to count the inhabitants, recording the results with quills on any scraps of paper they could find. The population of the United States was nearly 4 million, not including slaves or untaxed Indians. Questions asked:

The name and address of the head of the family; a free white male 16 years of age or older, including the head of the family; a free white male under 16 years of age; a free white woman, including the head of the family; All other free persons; slaves.

——Finding Treasures in the U.S. Federal Census, author Judy Hanna Green

(2) Based on the knowledge you have learned, answer the main purpose of the first U.S. Census in Material 2? Summarize the social conditions of the United States at that time based on the materials.

Material 3 Marx and Engels said in the "Communist Manifesto": "A large population seems to be summoned from the underground by magic." According to statistics from relevant experts, the world's population increased from 1650 to 1830. reached 1 billion this year. One hundred years later, in 1930, the population doubled to 2 billion. It only took 30 years to reach 3 billion; 15 years to reach 4 billion; and 12 years to reach 5 billion. By 1998, the world's population exceeded 6 billion, and it is expected that by 2050, the world's population will also reach 10 billion.

————"Rule of Law Weekend"

(3) When does the material believe that the world's population entered a period of rapid growth? Based on the knowledge you have learned, explain what exactly what Marx and Engels described as "magic" refers to?

Material 4: After the founding of New China, *** conducted 5 censuses.

The 1953 census only investigated age and number of people. The results show that the total population of the country is 580 million.

The second census in 1964 added three items: personal composition, education level and occupation. The results showed that the country's population at that time was approximately 690 million. Among them, 2.87 million people have a college education, accounting for only 0.4% of the total population.

In the third census in 1982, the number of survey items increased to 19, such as the household registration status of the permanent population, the industry, occupation and status of the unemployed population, marital status, and status of having children, etc. . This census used electronic computers to process survey data for the first time. The results show that the total number of people nationwide is about 1.03 billion.

The fourth census project in 1990 was consistent with the recommendations of the United Nations and in line with the international practice of conducting a census every ten years. The registration items of this census have added two items: "Usual place of residence" and "Reasons for moving to the local area", aiming to find out the flow and reasons of population migration in our country. The results show that the country's total population is 1.13 billion, with a net increase of 127 million in nine years. The results also show that the cultural quality of my country's population has changed significantly in the past 10 years. The population with college education has increased to 15.76 million, accounting for 1.3% of the total population, with a growth rate of 160%; the illiterate and semi-illiterate population accounted for 5.88% of the total population.

The targets of the fifth census in 2000 are people with Chinese nationality and permanent residence in the country, including people who work or study abroad and do not have permanent residence. The number of census items increased to 49 this time, and photoelectric entry technology was used for the first time.

The sixth national census was conducted at 0:00 on November 1, 2010. The main purpose of this census is to find out the changes in the number, structure, distribution and living environment of my country's population over the past 10 years. For the first time, residents of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and foreigners have been included in the scope of the census.

——China Legal Network

(4) Based on the above materials, explain the different characteristics of my country’s census work starting from the fourth time compared with the previous ones. And briefly analyze the reasons for increasing the number of registered items.

View exercise details and answers>>

(10 points) Observe the picture on the right and answer related questions.

(1) Combine the knowledge you have learned to explain the background and objectives of the promulgation of the "Declaration of Human Rights". (4 points)

(2) The "Declaration of Human Rights" has had a profound impact around the world. What content in the "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China" reflects the content of the Declaration? (4 points)

(3) There is an "ideal eye" in the middle of the top cover of the "Declaration of Human Rights", shining brightly. Talk about your understanding and understanding of the designer’s meaning. (2 points)

View the details and answers to the exercises >>

(20 points) Read the following materials:

Material 1: Without the consent of the parliament, The power of the king's authority to suspend laws or cease the execution of laws is illegal power.

The order establishing an imperial commission court to hear religious matters, and all other similar orders and tribunals, are illegal and harmful.

It is illegal to levy money for the King or for the King's use without the permission of Parliament, under the pretext of the King's prerogative, beyond the time limit or in the manner approved by Parliament.

Except with the consent of Parliament, it is illegal to raise or maintain a standing army in the kingdom during peacetime. ...

──"Bill of Rights"

Material 2: The Constitution stipulates that federal power is higher than the power of states. The Federal Government has political, economic, military and diplomatic powers...

All legislative powers conferred by this Constitution shall be exercised by the Federal Congress, which includes the Senate and the House of Representatives.

The House of Representatives shall be composed of members elected every two years by the people of each state...

The executive power shall reside in the President of the United States of America. …The President is elected indirectly by the electorate.

The President shall be the commander-in-chief of the federal army and navy and the state militia called into active service in the federation...

The judicial power of the federation shall be vested in the Supreme Court and the federal Congress may determine at any time And various lower courts established...──The 1787 "United States Constitution"

Please answer:

(1) According to material 1, in what aspects does the "Bill of Rights" restrict the king? power? When and why the Bill of Rights was enacted?

(2) According to material 2, what principles are reflected in the 1787 U.S. Constitution?

(3) In summary, what political systems have been implemented in the two countries? What kind of development direction did it reflect on human society at that time?

View exercise details and answers >>

"History of World Civilization" said: "Later, the laws passed by the (Roman) legislature. The laws enacted by the judges. The emperors So many laws have been enacted that even the most learned lawyers are often stumped." This situation arises because

A. The scope of governance expanded and Roman law continued to be enriched B. It is the rule of the empire and the promulgation of the Law of the People

C. There are conflicts between the Hemao tribe and the common people, and laws are constantly being enacted D. The empire was established and the country began to be governed by law

View exercise details and answers >>

Read the following and complete questions 5 to 7.

Medical researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles Olympic Laboratory have developed the first device that can clearly detect synthetic testosterone, a hormone that has been banned by most sports organizations since the 1970s. Test strips for common anabolic alcohols). The new test, known as the Carbon Isotope Ratio test, or CIR test, has gained prominence in recent high-profile drug scandals—not least of which was the cancellation of sprinter Justin Gatlin's 100-year-old meters world record, and also deprived cyclist Floyd Landis of his 2006 Tour de France title.

In the late 1990s, CIR testing became a standard test. Prior to this, analytical experts relied on relatively primitive urine sample test strips, which could only detect whether the ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone (ie, the T/E ratio) in the urine sample was higher than normal levels. However, Don H. Catlin, director of the Olympic Laboratory, explained that in some people, the T/E ratio is naturally higher, so continuous testing is necessary to identify an athlete who has indeed used banned drugs. Catlin said. If the T/E ratio decreases in subsequent urine samples, sports officials can suspect that the initial high T/E ratio was the result of synthetic drugs. However, if subsequent test results are consistent with the initial results, officials will have to declare , the athlete did not use drugs. Catlin points out that there are loopholes in this testing method - as long as someone takes drugs throughout the entire test period, they can get away with it.

According to standardized processes, pharmaceutical companies generally extract carbon atoms from wild yams or soybeans and build testosterone on this basis.

Compared with other more widespread temperate plants (such as corn), these warm temperate plants and their families process carbon differently. This treatment results in the soybean family containing significantly lower levels of carbon-13 (an isotope of carbon that has one more neutron than the more common carbon-12, making it slightly heavier) than other plants.

If testosterone in an athlete's urine sample has a chemical signature similar to that of soy, the testosterone will be revealed when compared with cholesterol and other hormones in the same urine sample - Gat This is how Lin and Landis showed their flaws. Other hormones used for comparison, like all compounds produced by the body, contain a higher carbon-13/carbon-12 ratio than soy. Many of the plants we eat—from apples to zucchini to even the corn a cow eats before she turns into a hamburger—have a recognizable, elevated carbon-13 signature on the hormones our bodies naturally produce.

The CIR test "really surprised me," said Hayes, who now works at the Woods Hole Seafood Research Institute. He explains that it is impossible to change the carbon isotope signature of naturally secreted testosterone while leaving other hormones unaffected. The common excuses used by accused athletes, such as dehydration and alcohol consumption, will no longer excuse them. Hayes points out that unless the body can make testosterone from some man-made compound, such as the cortisone that athletes sometimes inject to reduce inflammation in their muscles, the natural hormone is likely to have a chemical signature that approximates that of a synthetic.

CIR testing can also identify a range of man-made compounds related to testosterone. Catlin predicts that the power of the CIR test will serve as a warning to athletes considering steroid use—at least until doping users find a new way to defeat the testing system. It seems they should heed a maxim: " Eat what you like.”

5. Among the following understandings of the principles and functions of CIR testing, which one is incorrect?

A. The CIR test, used to detect carbon atoms in athletes' urine samples, was derived from a method pioneered by Hayes to detect carbon atoms in seafloor sludge.

C. The CIR test has been a standard test since the late 1990s and was the first test that could definitively detect testosterone levels.

D. CIR testing, which has played an important role in several recent high-profile drug incidents, can also identify a range of man-made compounds related to testosterone.

6. Which of the following statements about Hayes and Catlin's views is incorrect?

A. Hayes believed that if one were to alter the carbon isotope signature of naturally secreted testosterone, it would necessarily affect other hormones.

B. Hayes recognized the role of CIR testing and believed that it could prevent dehydration in the body. Excuses such as drinking alcohol.

C. Catlin pointed out that some people have a naturally high T/E ratio and must pass continuous tests to determine whether to take the drug under existing conditions.

D. Catlin believes that in a traditional T/E ratio test, no medication and continuous medication may produce the same test results.

A. Testosterone and epitestosterone levels in urine samples continue to increase after athletes take banned drugs.

B. The way different plant families process carbon depends not only on the plant species, but also on where they grow.

C. The human body can use man-made compounds as materials to produce testosterone with a similar synthetic chemical signature.

D. As long as we eat more soybean family plants, our bodies will show a lower carbon 13/carbon 12 ratio.

View exercise details and answers>>