As early as the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Hakkas had already arrived in Lingnan. Why do they choose to live in the mountains?

Hakka is a characteristic ethnic group of Han nationality, and it is also one of the most widely distributed and far-reaching ethnic groups of Han nationality in the world. It is distributed in Meizhou, Heyuan, Huiyang, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Taiwan Province, Hainan, Fujian and other places in Guangdong, and distributed in more than 120 counties.

Ancestors lived in the Yellow River valley, and went south in large numbers in the late Western Jin Dynasty (early 4th century) and the late Tang Dynasty (late 9th century) due to war. /kloc-after the demise of the southern song dynasty in the 0' s and 270' s, it moved to Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. Call themselves "Hakkas" or "Lairen" to distinguish them from the locals. Hakka dialect is one of Chinese dialects, which retains more ancient Chinese phonology. Folk songs have a unique style. Hakkas keep their own customs and traditions in the area where they live. Women are full of energy, participate in labor production, are not bound by feudal bad habits, and are brave in making progress. In modern times, after the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, many Hakkas were forced to disperse to a wider area, some moved to Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong, or lived in Nanyang.

There are many theories about the origin of Hakka, mainly including Hakka Zhongyuan theory and Hakka mixed-race theory. The theory of Hakka Central Plains holds that the main body of Hakka people is immigrants from the Central Plains, while the theory of Hakka aborigines holds that "Hakka * * is the same main body produced by the integration of Han people who moved south and ancient Vietnamese immigrants in the triangle area of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, and its main body is the ancient Vietnamese living in this land, not a few Central Plains people living in this area". Since the Song Dynasty, the Han nationality in the Central Plains moved southward on a large scale, passing through southern Jiangxi and western Fujian to Meizhou, and finally formed a relatively mature and stable Hakka family. Since then, Hakkas, based in Meizhou, have moved abroad in large numbers and moved to the whole country and even the rest of the world. The "three Hakka States" are Jiaying, Ganzhou and Tingzhou.

At present, there are three main views on the origin of Hakkas: (1) the development and evolution of Han people who migrated from the north to the south; (2) The Han people who migrated from north to south merged with the southern natives and evolved; (3) The indigenous people in the south merged with the Han people who migrated from the north to the south and evolved. In the eyes of ordinary people, Hakkas are immigrants, a branch of Han immigrants from the north to the south. In the long years, they have been displaced from place to place and experienced hardships, forming, evolving and developing into a large clan with a population of tens of millions.

Hakka's roots are in the Han nationality. Traditionally, the source of Hakka is Heluo. The so-called Heluo refers to the Yellow River and the Luohe River. Broadly speaking, Heluo is the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the Luohe River Basin. The narrow sense of Heluo is Luoyang. There are three bases for "taking root in Heluo": ① According to genealogy records, many Hakka genealogies record that ancestors lived in Heluo. (2) the legend of mount tai Shi Gandang. ③ Hakka classical Chinese; It's a kind of Mandarin, much like Henan dialect in Zhongzhou. Rooting in Heluo does not mean that all Hakkas are Heluo people, but its scope should include the central plains hometown south of the Yellow River, north of the Yangtze River, east of the Hanshui River basin and west of the Huaihe River, with its core in Heluo.

The reasons for migration include the southward migration of Hakka ancestors and the domestic and international migration of Hakka people. As far as migration behavior is concerned, there are active and passive points, and the reasons for migration are different in different periods according to the history of migration process. Generally speaking, there are four aspects of various migration factors: a. factors related to the place of emigration, that is, driving factors. ① The reverse development of cultivated land area and population is the fundamental factor that often plays a role. 2 War. The brutal war turned prosperous cities and wealthy villages into ruins, and millions of people were killed in the war. In order to seek a stable social environment, survivors were forced to leave their homes and migrate to various places, which is the root cause of large-scale sudden migration.

(3) Formal relocation and resettlement. ④ Travel and commerce ⑤ Struggle, including political struggle and economic struggle. B. factors related to the relocation site, namely "pull". The north develops early and the south develops late. The south has a vast territory, a small population and few wars, which has good conditions for the Han people who moved south to settle down and develop agriculture. For example, in Meizhou, Guangdong Province in the Southern Song Dynasty, "the land is barren and the people are lazy, but the farmers are fresh, and the residents and overseas Chinese cultivate, so the elderly do not suffer from no fields, and every field does not waste labor." In addition, during the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Baiyue area in the south implemented the policy of "no tax". For the Han people who fled in the north, it can be described as a "paradise", and they have settled in Jiangnan and Lingnan.