Which emperor was the wisest in the Tang Dynasty?

Li Shimin was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty.

A great/great achievement

Emperor Taizong initiated the "rule of chastity" in history. After actively eliminating the separatist forces in various places, Chabr was modest, and food was the first thing for the people, which finally made the society peaceful and peaceful. It laid an important foundation for the prosperity of the Kaiyuan period and pushed the traditional Chinese agricultural society to the peak.

People-oriented thinking, open the way and open the mind that is easy to be trained; Reuse talents and appoint people on their merits is the criterion; Impatience and selflessness, and the tolerance of doing things according to law; It constitutes the basic characteristics of Zhenguan rule and becomes the best example of feudal rule. Compared with the western countries at that time, the Tang Dynasty was at the forefront of the world in politics, economy and culture.

First, social order is unprecedentedly stable.

N Historical Records: During the Zhenguan period, "many officials were self-disciplined. The most common name for ruling the house of concubines is Howard Wu, who is afraid of prestige and dare not invade others. When traveling in the wild, there are no thieves, the prison is often empty, there are no cattle and horses, and the family outside is not closed. I went to abundant barnyard grass frequently, and spent three or four dollars on a long trip from Beijing.

As for the ridge surface, from Shandong to the sea, there is no food and the road is given. When entering a village in Shandong, passing passengers will be treated kindly, or they will get a gift when they send it. This was nothing in the past. "

Second, open the border.

Due to the decline of the Eastern Roman Empire (395- 1453), the West became fragmented. By the Sui Dynasty, China was already the most powerful country in the world, and the Tang Dynasty, especially in the Zhenguan period, was the only unified empire with the most powerful civilization in the world at that time. Chang 'an, the capital, was once a cosmopolitan city, with frequent business contacts, just like new york in the United States today. At that time, the Tang Empire was the "sunshine zone" in the eyes of people with lofty ideals all over the world, and outstanding talents from all over the world risked their lives to rush to the Tang Empire. Envoys from all over the world praised the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. The highly developed culture of the Tang Dynasty made most people in all countries proud of being the Tang Dynasty. Not only the capital Chang 'an, but also "expatriates" from all over the country have settled in the local area, especially the emerging commercial cities. There are more than 200,000 western expatriates in Guangzhou alone. The Tang Dynasty in Zhenguan period was one of the few completely open dynasties in China's history, even more open than the Han Dynasty, which was limited to trade and missionary work, so that ordinary people from all over the world could come to the Tang Dynasty to see its elegant demeanor. The Tang government was still setting up a mobile office (similar to the present embassy) and quite opening its borders and customs. Absorb foreign culture and material civilization to the maximum extent.

In addition to accepting a large number of foreign immigrants, the Tang Empire also received a batch of foreign students to study advanced culture in China. Only Japanese students at public expense received seven batches, each with hundreds of students. Private self-funded international students far exceed this figure. After returning to China, these Japanese students carried out Japan's first modernization movement-the modernization to innovation, that is, the China Movement, which imitated the Zhenguan dynasty at that time and made the Japanese nation in the primitive tribal state leap forward for a thousand years.

The Japanese nation is not smart, it is just good at learning. This nation, which is half a beat slower than others, has one of the greatest advantages ―― backwardness but not stubbornness. When foreign civilizations invade, they always take the initiative to accept cultures that are more advanced than themselves, and accept the advanced achievements of human civilization in the fastest and most convenient way, thus quickly jumping into the ranks of advanced nations.

Third, political peace.

The Zhenguan period was basically a politics without corruption in China's history, which was perhaps Li Shimin's most noteworthy achievement. In Li Shimin's China, the emperor took the lead in setting an example, and officials were dedicated to the public, and they did their jobs. Abuse of power and corruption and dereliction of duty have fallen to an all-time low. What is commendable is that Li Shimin did not use harsh laws to warn corruption, but mainly set an example and set up a political system as scientific as possible to prevent corruption. In the face of a shrewd and self-disciplined ruler, officials have little motivation for corruption, and it is not easy for corrupt officials to find hiding places. Preventing corruption mainly depends on a scientific and civilized political system. Afterwards, the attack can only have a temporary effect and cannot eradicate the social soil that breeds corruption.

Fourth, the decentralization system.

China's feudal system is characterized by a high degree of centralization of power, with local governments obeying the central government and the central government only obeying the emperor. This centralized political system greatly limits people's creativity, initiative and flexibility, and it can easily lead to tyranny.

The central government agencies in China feudal society implemented the system of "three provinces and six departments", but the decentralization among the three provinces in Zhenguan period initially reflected the modern political characteristics ―― the principle of decentralization. Zhongshu Province issued an order, Xiamen Province reviewed the order, and Shangshu Province executed the order. The formation of the decree, first of all, the prime minister held a meeting in the government affairs hall in Zhongshu Province, and then reported the resolution to the emperor for approval, and then Zhongshu Province issued an imperial decree in the name of the emperor. Before the imperial edict is issued, it must be submitted to the provincial government for examination and approval. If the provincial government considers it inappropriate, it may refuse to sign. If the imperial edict lacks countersignature, it cannot be promulgated according to law. Only after the "countersignature" of the provincial government, the imperial edict became the official decree of the country and was handed over to Shangshu Province for implementation. This political operation is very similar to the "separation of powers" system in modern democratic countries. The theory of separation of powers, which arose in the west17th century, was applied to China's political system by Li Shimin as early as 1000 years ago, which showed how high the civilization level of Zhenguan dynasty was. Most commendable of all, Li Shimin stipulated that his letters must be countersigned by the provincial government before they can take effect, thus effectively preventing him from making hasty decisions that would damage his reputation on a whim and in a bad mood. There are 853 emperors in the history of China, and only Li Shimin has such outstanding wisdom and mind (the founding president of the United States is a bit like his students).

Verb (abbreviation for verb) business development

The economic characteristics of the feudal dynasty in China have always been "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce". The proportion of commerce in the national economy is quite low, and the status of businessmen is several times lower than that of farmers. This is also the main reason why China's feudal economy has not been substantially developed.

Zhenguan Dynasty is one of the few feudal dynasties in the history of China that did not discriminate against business. It is not only non-discriminatory, but also provides many convenient conditions for business development, which further shows that Li Shimin has set its sights far. Under the advocacy of Li Shimin government, the commercial economy in Zhenguan period has made great progress, and new commercial cities have mushroomed. At that time, more than half of the world-famous commercial cities were concentrated in China. In addition to JIAOZHOU, Guangzhou, Mingzhou and Fuzhou along the coast, there are also Hongzhou (Nanchang, Jiangxi), Yangzhou and Yizhou (Chengdu) in the inland and Shazhou and Liangzhou in the northwest. The capitals Chang 'an and Luoyang are both international metropolises.

The "Silk Road" opened since the Han Dynasty has always been a link between the eastern and western material civilizations. The Tang Dynasty had a vast territory, and four towns in Anxi were set up in the western regions, with the western border directly reaching the stone country in Central Asia (present-day Kazakhstan), which provided a stable social order and an effective guarantee for business travel between the East and the West. As a result, commercial travel on the Silk Road emerges one after another, and all kinds of commodities pass between the East and the West, making the Silk Road a golden corridor for the whole world.