The origin of Chaoshan

Since 2002, blood samples of healthy people born for more than three generations in Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang have been collected on a large scale. Every respondent has filled in the informed consent form and the explanation of birth and life in Chaoshan area for more than three generations. At the end of 2003, we began to study HLA genes in Chaoshan population, so as to obtain the genetic characteristics of several most likely malignant tumors in Chaoshan population. On this basis, we compared the gene samples of Chaoshan population with those of nine other Han populations-Minnan Hakka in Chinese mainland, Minnan Hakka in Taiwan Province and Taiwan Province, Hong Kong Han population, Singapore Han population and North China population, China Zhongyuan population and South China population, and scientifically analyzed the genetic tree of HLA A and HLA B allele frequencies of 10 Han population. "

The results show that among the 10 Han population analyzed, the Chaoshan Han population has the closest genetic relationship with the Minnan Han population in Chinese mainland, but it is significantly different from the Central Plains Han population, which is far from enough to confirm that the Chaoshan Han population originated from the Central Plains Han population in historical materials.

For the calculation of the exact genetic distance between Chaoshan population and other nine Han populations in this research report, "We compare the genetic research conclusions of Chaoshan population with the HLA data of other nine Han populations, and finally calculate the genetic distance between Chaoshan population and other Han populations through allele frequency, and then rely on computer statistical software to get the final data. The results show that the genetic distance between Chaoshan population and mainland Minnan population is the closest, which is 0.0042, that is, the two populations have a high degree of genetic relationship; The genetic distance between Chaoshan population and Zhongyuan population is 0.0342, and the genetic relationship is far away. " HLA gene analysis can not provide genetic evidence that Chaoshan people originated from Han nationality in Central Plains.

According to documents, the ancestors of modern Chaoshan people came from the Han nationality in the Central Plains. It can be traced back to the Qin Dynasty (about 2 14 BC), when Qin Shihuang sent troops to unify the southern region into a China. This is considered to be the beginning of the transfer of the Han nationality in the Central Plains from the central region to the Chaoshan region. The second large-scale southward migration of the Han nationality in the Central Plains took place in the Western Jin Dynasty in 265-3 16. With the so-called Yongjia Rebellion, serious natural and man-made disasters spread all over the ancient Central Plains, forcing people to flee everywhere and move to the vast and peaceful south. During this period, Han immigrants from the Central Plains gradually influenced the indigenous people in the south in various ways. Until the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, almost all the aborigines in Chaoshan area were assimilated by Han people in Central Plains. It should be pointed out that from a historical point of view, the Han nationality in the Central Plains did not move directly into the Chaoshan area. Instead, they settled in Fujian first and then gradually moved to Chaoshan area. Because at that time, the development of Chaoshan area lagged behind that of Fujian, and the residents were scarce. In the Ming Dynasty, all maritime trade and social contacts with foreign countries were forbidden, which forced Fujian residents to flood into the sparsely populated Chaoshan area. This was the most important migration of Fujian residents, and it formed that Chaoshan people and Minnan people now enjoyed the same dialect, customs, lifestyle and even religious beliefs. From the results of DNA gene analysis, the genetic distance between Chaoshan people in Chinese mainland and Minnan people is the shortest, which reflects the genetic similarity between the two populations.

"Chaoshan people originated from the Han nationality in the Central Plains and were supported by historians, linguistic research, biology, social anthropology, archaeological discoveries and genealogy writing. Their detailed historical materials provide ideal clues for our genetic research. "