How to Plant Lily: Key Points of Lily Planting Management Technology

Lily is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, which has the functions of nourishing yin, moistening lung, clearing heart fire and calming nerves. Its dried and fresh products are the best in nourishing non-staple food. Widely used, renowned at home and abroad. This product is the bulb of Liliaceae Lily, DC Lily or Lilium lancifolium. It is distributed in the north and south of China and mainly produces in Jiangsu, Hunan, Zhejiang and Gansu.

Growing environment Lily can grow in plains, hills and mountains, and likes slopes with cool climate, deep soil layer and fertile soil. It can endure cold and drought, but it is afraid of waterlogging, and the requirements for soil are not strict. Lily overwinters in the soil after sowing and emerges in the middle and late March of the following year. During this period, the seed roots came out from the chassis of the bulb, and the axillary and aboveground stems in the center of the bulb began to grow slowly and differentiate into leaves, but they did not grow on the surface. The seedling stage is divided into the middle and late March to the middle and early May. At this time, the stems and leaves on the ground grew faster, and the stems of the seedlings began to split into new bulbs. When the seedlings grow to more than 10cm, stems and roots will grow in the buried part of the aboveground stems, and bulbs and stems and leaves will grow at the same time. From bud differentiation to bud maturity, usually in the middle and late May, the stem height is 30 ~ 40 cm, and stem buds appear in leaf axils. The germination and flowering period is in early May, beginning in early July, flowering in mid-July and ending in mid-July. At this time, the bulb expands rapidly, and the stem height is about 80cm when budding, and it exceeds 100cm when flowering. In the first half of August, the aboveground stems and leaves entered the withering stage. Bulbs mature.

2. Key points of cultivation techniques for high quality and high yield of lily.

(1) Land preparation and selection

It is best to choose fields with beans, melons or vegetables as the previous crops. In order to keep the soil loose and breathable, and facilitate drainage after rain, the soil preparation is generally fine, the border is wide and the middle of the border is slightly raised. Yixing, Jiangsu Province is located in Taihu Lake area, Shaoyang, Hunan Province is mostly a rice planting area, and along the Jinghe River in Gansu Province, high ridges are used. It can be used as a flat bed in hilly areas.

(2) Planting method

1. Breeding mode: both asexual and sexual reproduction are acceptable. At present, scales, small bulbs and small bulbs are mainly used for reproduction in production.

2. Scale propagation: dig bulbs in autumn, peel off the inner scales, soak the fat ones in 1: 500 benomyl or captan aqueous solution for 30 minutes, take them out and dry them in the shade, insert the base downwards into the seedbed, dig them out in September of the following year, transplant them according to the row spacing of 15cm×6cm, and harvest them after 2-3 years of cultivation. Breeding boxes can also be used for breeding.

3. Propagation of bulblets: When harvesting, sow bulblets at the row spacing of 15cm×6cm, and harvest them after two years of cultivation. This is the method used by Yixing Lily. When harvesting, choose the mother bulbs with developed root system, big head, good mouth, 3-5 bulbs and uniform size as seeds. Before planting, separate the bulbs so that each bulb has a stem chassis. Planting shallow holes in September, the general row spacing is 24-27 cm, and the plant spacing is 17-20 cm. Per mu 1.2- 1.5 million plants, consuming 300-350 kg of seeds.

4. Propagation of small bulbs: small bulbs are harvested in summer, mixed with wet sand and stored in a cool and ventilated place, and sown in seedbeds from August to September of that year. After the overground part withered in the autumn of the next year, the bulbs were dug out, planted at the row spacing of 20cm× 10cm, harvested in the autumn of the third year, and cultivated in a smaller scale 1 year.

It takes two years (Hunan) and three years (Lanzhou) to propagate with scales, beads or bulbs in Hunan and Lanzhou. After the cultivation of seed bulbs is completed, transplanting and harvesting are carried out after two years of growth. The whole growth cycle is 4 years in Hunan and 6 years in Lanzhou.

(3) Site management

1. Early management

In winter, intertillage is selected in sunny days, and the topsoil is sun-dried, so as to preserve moisture and heat, laying the foundation for early and strong seedlings in the following year. Loosening the soil and weeding before emergence in spring to raise the ground temperature and promote the early development of seedlings; Cover grass: The straw used should be disease-free, with an average yield of about 400 kg per mu. Cover grass to keep moisture. Weeds should be eliminated and the topsoil should not be hardened. In summer, it is necessary to prevent lily rot caused by high temperature, do a good job of heat preservation and antifreeze, apply seedling fertilizer and promote lily growth.

2. Mid-term management

In early and middle May, lily changed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth to promote the rapid hypertrophy of young bulbs. First of all, ditch cleaning and drainage can reduce soil moisture and prevent bulbs from rotting. The second is timely top. "Xiaoman" before and after coring, control growth, reduce ground nutrient consumption, and accelerate bulb development. The third is to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer after topping to prevent excessive growth of stems and leaves and affect the development and expansion of bulbs.

3. Post management

Before and after the summer solstice, lily bulbs mature and enter the later growth stage, which should be removed in time, usually around June. At the same time, it is necessary to clear the ditch in time, dredge the field trench, deepen the field trench and reduce the temperature and humidity in the field.

top application

Generally, early spring fertilizer should be applied around June 1, the first time is 1. When thawing in sunny days, apply pig and sheep manure 1000 kg, cake fertilizer 50-75 kg and compound fertilizer 40 kg per mu, spread evenly on the border, and cover the soil immediately. In the first ten days of April of the following year, human manure or pig manure (water) 1500 kg is poured per mu. After the third flowering topping, a proper amount of quick-acting fertilizer was added, and 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate was applied per mu. After dilution, it is poured, and at the same time, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaves with a concentration of 0.2%.

(4) Pest control

1. Disease

1. 1. gray mold

Endangering buds and flowers, covering them with pale yellow gray mold, causing buds to shrink and fall off, and flowers to rot and wither. It is easy to get sick in a humid environment.

Control method: When pale yellow botrytis cinerea appears on flower buds and flowers, spray 1000 times of procymidone, 1000 times of procymidone or 1000 times of botrytis cinerea on leaves every 7 ~ 1000 days for 2 ~ 3 times continuously.

1.2. Viral diseases

It harms the whole plant, causing new roots not to grow, new leaves not to grow, the longer they grow, the smaller they become, the leaves are short and overgrown, and gradually turn yellow, wither and die.

Control method: During the growth of lily, spray 600 times of plant virus vaccine solution, 600 times of pure virus solution or 600 times of virus solution on the roots or leaves every month, and spray 2-3 kilograms each time, or it is advisable to wet the leaves until dripping, so as to weaken the activity of virus in the plants and effectively prevent plant diseases.

1.3. Leaf spot disease

Harm to leaves, waterlogged black-brown spots appear on leaves, which make leaves lose green and yellow, wither, die and fall off.

Control method: When dark brown waterlogging spots appear on leaves, spray dipyridamole 1000 times solution, myclobutanil 1 000 times solution or leaf spot 800 times solution 1 times solution every 7 ~1

1.4. Soft rot

Harm bulbs, make bulbs rot, emit stench, and spread seriously and quickly when the temperature is high and the humidity is high.

Control method: before planting, select undamaged bulbs and soak them in 0. 1% potassium permanganate solution for 8 ~ 10 minutes for disinfection. After the disease occurred in the field, the roots were irrigated with 5000 times solution of streptomycin sulfate or 5000 times solution of neophytomycin, 2-3 kg/plant each time, 65,438+0 times every 7-65,438+00 days and 2-3 times continuously. It's best to spray the leaves wet until they drip.

1.5. cataplexy

Damage bulbs and roots, causing bulbs to rot, roots to rot and die, and finally plants to die upright.

Prevention and control methods: Pay attention to selecting disease-free bulbs before planting, and soak bulbs in 0. 1% lime water supernatant for 8 ~ 10 minutes for disinfection. In the process of field management, it is necessary to increase the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer to improve the disease resistance of plants. Generally, apply 1 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate or high-efficiency biological phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to the roots every month, and apply 25-30g to each plant. When applied, spray 2-3kg of clear water or fermented human and animal excrement. After the disease occurred in the field, the roots were irrigated with Dixintong 600 times solution or copper sulfate 1000 times solution, and every 7 ~ 10 day/time, 2 ~ 3 times in succession, and each plant was irrigated with 2 ~ 3 kilograms of liquid medicine each time.

2. Pests

2. 1. Ground pests: aphids, red spiders, scale insects, whiteflies, etc. Damage to surface leaves, sucking juice, spreading virus diseases, making plants decline and affecting flowering. Control method: foliar spraying 1000 times per month, or 1000 times, or 1000 times, or 1000 times for control.

2.2. Underground pests: grubs, grubs, crickets and black cutworms are all underground pests. They bite underground roots, causing plants to lodging and die. Control method: The roots are controlled with Oxfam solution 1 times 1000 times, trichlorfon solution/800 times, plant ash extract solution/25-30 times, or fermented rabbit manure solution10/5 times, and each plant is sprayed with 2-3kg of liquid each time.

(5) harvesting and processing

1. Harvest

In Yixing, Jiangsu Province, the seedlings are inverted in early and middle August, and the bulbs can be harvested when they are mature. Lanzhou was excavated around early winter. Harvesting in sunny days, digging up the whole plant, removing the stem and cutting off the fibrous roots at the base of the stem.

The second step process

Wash dirt and other impurities, peel off scales, and boil or steam. The edge of scales is soft, the middle is immature, and there are small cracks on the back. The time is short, and the scales are easy to curl and mostly black after drying. Over time, the scales are not cooked into paste and are easily broken. Rinse with clear water immediately after steaming, so that it can be cooled quickly and the mucus can be washed away. After rinsing, spread it out and expose it to 70% or 80% dry place, steam it with sulfur for 8- 12 hours, and then completely dry it. Yixing usually produces 750- 1000 kg of fresh lily per mu, with a dry rate of 3.5-4: 1.