The historical background of The Journey to the West. . . .

/kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, the door of Shanhaiguan, which was left unlocked, was opened and the tide of refugees surged. People are the carriers of culture and information, and the flow of people is actually the flow of culture. The overlapping waves of "Crossing the Kanto" meant that the culture of the Central Plains was promoted to kanto region on a large scale.

Cultural exchange has also entered a new stage. If the cultural exchange in the closed-door era is characterized by the "influence" of the Central Plains culture on the inherent culture of Northeast China, it is artificially interfered by the "ban".

Then, under the open historical conditions, the Central Plains culture spread rapidly in kanto region, which made the Central Plains culture and Kanto culture coexist in the vast Kanto.

The "copy" of Guandong Shandong Village is actually a plane transplant of Central Plains culture. In addition, there are many people, so there is every reason to maintain their own culture. Living together, their language and customs are as old as before.

They can adapt to local social customs and religious beliefs and use local languages and characters without changing themselves. In a sense, this is also cultural conservatism.

When talking about the significance of "de-orientalization", Zhao Zhongfu said: "In the social sense, the four eastern provinces and regions are basically the expansion of Shandong's agricultural society. There is a geographical distance between them, but there is no obvious cultural difference.

Shandong and the four eastern provinces are similar in language, religious belief, customs, family system, ethical concept and economic behavior. The most important thing is that the members of the immigrant society in the four eastern provinces have no different ideas from the cultural matrix. "

Extended data:

Reasons for entering Kanto:

In essence, Shandong people's crusade to the East is a spontaneous, overwhelming and tragic survival movement of poor farmers who are dying. From the starting point, on the one hand, there are natural disasters, drought, water, hail, insect disasters and epidemics.

On the one hand, there are man-made disasters, such as the Second Opium War, Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Nian Army, the Black Flag Army, the Boxer Rebellion and so on. , sweeping across the provinces of North China. The direct Anhui war, the two direct Anhui wars and the melee between the old and new warlords year after year, the war disaster spread to the provinces in North China.

Frequent military disasters and banditry increasingly aggravate the burden of land rent, tax, poor service and extra sharing. More and more bankrupt farmers, victims and refugees have to go to the northeast to escape and take refuge.

From the perspective of immigrants, the social productive forces in Northeast China are relatively backward, most of the land has not been reclaimed, and North China is vast and sparsely populated. In Shandong and other places, "going east" has a long history. Some immigrants send money to their hometown, and some return to their hometown for the New Year with their belongings.

There are also many people who get rich and get married, which stimulates more people to make a living through customs. In some villages in Jiaodong, almost every household "rushes to the Kanto", and even the young people in the village are regarded as worthless by the villagers if they don't.

Gradually formed the custom of "going east". Therefore, in North China, especially in Jiaodong, Shandong Province and Jidong, Hebei Province, when the labor force is slightly abundant, or when encountering natural or man-made disasters, the first thing that comes to mind is to bring family members or gather friends and relatives to flock to Kanto to make a living.

At the end of Qing Dynasty, Russia invaded the northeast of China, followed by Japan. The two countries are competing to expand their power in the northeast, build railways and plunder resources, which requires a lot of labor and forces North China to go bankrupt. Outside the customs, most farmers immigrated from North China, especially from Shandong and Hebei provinces.

Dengzhou, Laizhou and Qingzhou in Jiaodong, Shandong, Baoding and Luanzhou in Hebei, and the Beijing-Tianjin area, with convenient roads and the custom of "crossing the Kanto", are the main transport areas for immigrants.

Later, Henan province, the hardest hit area, relied on developed railways, and a considerable number of farmers fled to the northeast. According to statistics, in 192 1 year, only 209,000 people immigrated to the northeast. In 1926, the number of immigrants increased to 567,000, and then the number of immigrants soared.

1050,000 in 1927,1089,000 in 1928, 1929,1046,000, 1930 and 673,000. That is, from 192 1 to 10 in130, nearly 6180,000 people went to the northeast to make a living.

Some scholars estimate that the number of immigrants (including descendants) has reached140 thousand, with an average annual population of nearly 300 thousand. Some experts believe that before 1930s, about 400,000 to 500,000 people went to Northeast China from Hebei, Shandong and Henan every year.

Over a million years. For these farmers, this is a difficult time and a journey of struggle.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Go to the East