Lake filling in Jiangxi and the process of large-scale lake filling

By analyzing the immigration data handed down from ancient times, it is found that this movement can be traced back to at least the Tang Dynasty and lasted until the end of the Qing Dynasty, with a time span of more than 1000 years. Before the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, it was a prelude. Some of the reasons for immigration are forced by war, and some are heard that the two lakes are sparsely populated and the land is easy to buy. Since then, there have been two immigration climaxes.

The biggest one was at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. After Zhu Yuanzhang unified the Yangtze River basin, Yu Hongwu ordered Jiangxi people with a large population and Jiangxi people with a small population to move to Hunan and Hubei. At that time, there were immigrant ships one after another to the west of the Yangtze River, and there were also an endless stream of married single immigrants with children on land. Today, the legend of "Hongwu Kaitan" is still circulating in some places in Hubei, and 50% of the families in the two lakes moved here during the Hongwu period. This may be the historical basis of the legend of "Jieshou".

The second climax is the early Qing Dynasty recorded by Wei Yuan. Compared with Hongwu immigrants, the climax was smaller in scale. Because after hundreds of years of development, the population pressure of the two lakes has already appeared. When immigrants from Jiangxi and other provinces moved westward, many people in the two lakes moved westward in order to find better development opportunities, forming the famous "Huguang filling Sichuan" immigration movement. Therefore, some Jiangxi immigrants continue to move westward to Sichuan and southern Shaanxi. From the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Ming Dynasty, immigrants from Jiangxi and other provinces continued to move into the two lakes. Although it was not as violent as the Hongwu period, the total amount was considerable because of the long time. These immigrants mainly seek economic development, thinking that the wasteland of the two lakes can be reclaimed at will, and some decide to move westward because Jiangxi and other places are heavy and the two lakes are light, and they evade taxes. In short, economic considerations are a major feature of immigration at this stage, and they are all voluntary, unlike the coercion during the Hongwu period. War is only an external thrust for the migration movement of more than 1000 years to continue to develop. The fundamental reason is that the economic development of Hunan and Hubei lags behind that of Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and there is quite broad room for development to accept immigrants. Therefore, the process of migration is also the process of the development pattern of the Yangtze River basin gradually expanding from east to west. Judging from the available data, except for a few descendants of the indigenous people in the two lakes, most of the ancestors moved from other provinces outside the two lakes. Investigating their origins, we found that immigrants came from more than ten provinces, including Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan, Inner Mongolia and Sichuan. The top three are Jiangxi, Anhui and Guangdong.

From the perspective of large river basins, the total number of immigrants in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River accounts for about 90%. In other words, there is a migration trend from east to west in the Yangtze River basin, which is the main feature of the migration source of the two lakes. Among these 90%, Jiangxi immigrants account for 90%. It is estimated that 60-70% of the population in the two lakes are descendants of immigrants from Jiangxi. Living in Chu's home, there are many books (referring to Jiangxi). Therefore, it is indeed appropriate for the people to call "Jiangxi" the source of immigrants. A word "complement" is too vivid. Jiangxi immigrants mainly come from Nanchang, Fengcheng, Jiujiang, De 'an, Jingdezhen, Leping, Poyang, Yugan, Ji 'an, Taihe and other cities and counties, namely Raozhou, Nanchang, Ji 'an and Jiujiang in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Northern Jiangxi is more than southern Jiangxi. From the perspective of river basin, the middle and lower reaches of Ganjiang River, which was developed earlier and developed economically and culturally, have the largest number of immigrants. The route of immigration is one of the important foundations to lay the geographical characteristics of the above-mentioned immigrants, and many immigration phenomena can be answered from this. Restoring the migration route at that time, we can see that immigrants moved into the two lakes by land and water at the same time.

Entering Hunan is mainly by land. Mountain ranges such as Mufu Mountain, Jiuling Mountain, Wugong Mountain and Wanyang Mountain between eastern Hunan and western Jiangxi are staggered from north to east, and most of them are above 1000 meters above sea level, which is the watershed between Xiangjiang River and Ganjiang River. The corridors, broken valleys or oblique valleys between these mountains constitute the natural transportation channels for immigrants from Jiangxi and Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang and other provinces to enter Hunan.

Entering Hubei is mainly by water, and immigrants make full use of the Yangtze River and Hanshui River. Jiangxi is the main immigrant levee in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which goes upstream by boat and first chooses eastern Hubei to settle down, so Jiangxi in the east has the most immigrants. Then it spread to central, northern and western Hubei in three ways, all the way along the river to the west, all the way to the upper reaches of Hanshui River and all the way to the land passage of Jujube Corridor. Immigrants from Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and other provinces went south in two ways. Shaanxi immigrants first entered northwest Hubei along Hanshui Valley, while other northern immigrants crossed Nanyang Basin to Xiangfan, and then spread to other places. Therefore, northern immigrants are mostly distributed in northwest and northern Hubei.