Society in Shanghang County

In the fifth year of Chunhua of Song Dynasty (994), Shanghang County was established. After three moves, the county seat moved to Guofang (now Linjiang Town) in the fourth year of Qiandao (1168). From the construction of the city wall in the first year of Duanping (1234) to the liberation, successive governments operated the county for 716 years. In 1949, in addition to a city wall, the public buildings in the urban area had a narrow "main street" lined with shops of varying heights up to two floors below. In addition, ancestral halls and temples are scattered among the streets and houses. The entire urban area is only 0.9 square kilometers. In rural areas, the only public buildings before the Qing Dynasty were clan temples, nunneries, and temple towers. During the Republic of China, fortress-style government offices began to be built at the location of township governments. Farmers live together close to mountains and rivers. The building structure has many earth walls and tile roofs. It is low and damp, and people and animals live together. After the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), the revolutionary base areas were devastated, with ruins everywhere and a desolate scene.

In 1987, the completed area of ??public buildings was 426,000 square meters, including 127,000 square meters of residential buildings. The urban and rural landscape has undergone tremendous changes. The county town has been renovated and built, and the streets are arranged vertically and horizontally in an orderly manner, and the width has been expanded from the original 2 to 3 meters to more than 10 meters. The new North Ring Road is 3.4 kilometers long and 36 meters wide, with evergreen landscape trees planted on the side of the street. At night, the street lights are like daylight and the shadows of the trees are dancing. Buildings rise from the ground and stand neatly on both sides of the street. After 38 years of expansion, the planned urban area has expanded to 4.9 square kilometers in 1987, four times larger than in 1949. It starts from the eastern end of Beihuan Road in the east and connects with Dongdaqiao; in the west it reaches the western end of Beihuan Road and connects with Xihuan Road; in the south it reaches Nangang Industrial Zone, connected by Nandaqiao; in the north it reaches Beifengshan Residential Village. Today, the North Ring Road has become a new downtown area. From east to west, there are the north-south East Ring Road, Beida Road, Jianshe Road, West Ring Road and the original Jiefang Road in the urban area. In rural areas, the construction of market towns is changing with each passing day. There are many buildings of enterprises and institutions such as the seat of township government, offices, schools, hospitals and so on. The factories of township enterprises are located in resource-rich mountain villages. Rural private housing conditions have also improved significantly. Before liberation, it was difficult for farmers to build housing even after generations of accumulation. In the 38 years after liberation, housing construction developed rapidly. With the population continuing to grow, in 1987 the per capita number of houses in rural areas reached 1.72, and the per capita building area was 23.8 square meters.

Since 1987, the county town planning has been adjusted three times, and the planning area has been expanded to 72 square kilometers. By 2002, the urban area of ??the county had reached 7 square kilometers, an increase of 4.7 square kilometers compared with 1987. The urban area had formed a main road layout of five vertical and five horizontal directions. Riverside Park and Riverside Plaza were built. The per capita green space area reached 9.4 square meters. The urban area The green coverage rate reaches 29.2%, and the riverside garden city has taken shape. The air environment quality in the county maintains national first-class standards.

In October 2001, Shanghang County was rated as "National Advanced City in Creating Civilized Cities" by the Central Propaganda Department, the Central Civilization Office, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the State Environmental Protection Administration.

In 2007, the land acquisition and demolition of Longchang Expressway (Shanghang Section) was fully completed, the expansion project of National Highway 205 and Provincial Highway 308 entered the final stage, and the 40-kilometer reconstruction project from Chengguan to Rentian of the Hangyong Line was basically completed. ; Implemented the construction of 230 kilometers of rural roads, and took the lead in the province's mountainous counties (cities) to achieve all hardened roads leading to organized villages. The construction of urban and rural power grids has been intensified. The Huangzhu to Lufeng 110 kV line project, the urban power grid transformation and the Chengguan, Guoche and Jiaoyang substation technical transformation projects have been fully completed. The Huangzhu 110 kV power transmission and transformation project has begun equipment installation. Nanyang 110 The thousand-volt power transmission and transformation project is progressing as planned. The construction of Dachengguan continues to advance, and the county urban planning continues to improve. The detailed control planning of the northern new city, the control planning of the old city, the urban design along Shanghang Avenue, the urban landscape on both sides of the Tingjiang River in the city, and the urban road system have been completed. Planning and design expert review and results preparation ; The greening, beautification and lighting construction of urban areas will be further intensified. The radio and television “every village access” project and the overall translation and conversion work of digital television have been accelerated. During the Yuan Zhizheng period (1341-1368), the county government established the "Huimin Pharmacy", which was the earliest government-run pharmaceutical industry in Shanghang. Since the Ming Dynasty, the folk medicine industry has gradually developed. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there were more than 200 traditional Chinese medicine halls and shops in the territory.

In the 30th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1904), Western medicine and medicine were introduced. In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), foreign churches began to operate hospitals in the country.

Before liberation, Shanghang’s economy was backward, the people were in dire straits, medical skills were low, medicines were in short supply, medical equipment was rudimentary, and the lack of medical treatment and medicines was very prominent. Epidemics were often prevalent, resulting in high mortality and low survival rates of the population. In the 25th year of the Republic of China, there were only 5 hospitals in the county with no beds and 14 health personnel (including 7 doctors and 7 pharmacists). On average, there was one doctor for 30,000 people. In the same year, there were 1,153 patients with plague, smallpox, dysentery, diphtheria and other diseases in the county, and 102 people died. In 1938, there was a smallpox and measles epidemic, and more than 1,000 people died in the county. On the eve of liberation, there was 1 health center, 156 private Chinese medicine halls and shops, 42 Western medicine dispensaries and clinics, and 381 practitioners of Chinese and Western medicine.

During the Second Civil Revolutionary War, the Red Army established the Jiaoyang Red Army Hospital and the Fujian Provincial Military Region Pharmaceutical Factory within the territory. The county, district, and township Soviet governments established "public medical clinics" and " "Medicine Cooperatives" and other health institutions make it easier for people to seek medical treatment and buy medicines.

After liberation, the People's Government attached great importance to the development of medical and health services. By 1965, a three-level medical and health care network at the county, commune and team levels was initially established, which alleviated the widespread shortage of medical treatment and medicine. In the 1970s, the cooperative medical system at the brigade (village) level was widely promoted, and at the same time attention was paid to medical ethics education and the improvement of medical skills. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the three-level health care network has developed to a new level, with sound institutions, updated equipment, increased strength, and improved quality. By 1987, there were 7 county-level medical and epidemic prevention units, 4 township central health centers, 16 health centers, and more than 95% of administrative villages had medical stations (points). Developing medical and health services and protecting people's health have promoted the vigorous development of economic construction and the smooth progress of reform and opening up.

In 2007, the county's health system had 30 medical and health institutions, including 8 county-level medical and health units, 3 central health centers, and 19 township health centers. The county has 938 beds, of which 704 are actually open, and 905 staff, including 793 health technicians. Among the health technicians, 51 have senior professional titles, 211 have intermediate professional titles, and 485 have junior professional titles. The county has 5 community health service stations, 564 rural health clinics (offices), 675 village-level health technicians, and 29 self-employed doctors. The county has 66,500 square meters of medical business space, 45,000 square meters of living space, and 35.4673 million yuan of medical equipment. The business income of medical units in the county was 75.6567 million yuan, including 40.1756 million yuan in medical income, 31.8436 million yuan in pharmaceutical income, and 3.6375 million yuan in other income.

In 2007, Shanghang County continued to mobilize and encourage on-the-job health technicians to participate in professional training and academic education. Throughout the year, more than 160 people were selected to participate in various levels of training, 56 people participated in various academic education, more than 400 health technicians participated in the provincial communication medicine continuing education, and 115 people participated in the practicing physician qualification examination. Carry out training for rural doctors and hold 7 standardized training courses for rural doctors, with 650 people participating. In the Jin Dynasty, there was a recipe for Gutian Wulong wine cake in Shanghang; in the Tang Dynasty, there was considerable planting and breeding industry; during the Kangding period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1040), the county people mined gold in Zijin Mountain; in the Southern Song Dynasty, a furnace was built in Baimei Mountain, Gutian Iron was used to make agricultural tools and weapons; in the second year of Jiatai (1202), the first "Shanghang County Chronicle" was printed with woodcuts; in the late Ming Dynasty, there was a papyrus workshop; in the Qing Dynasty, there was an oil pressing mill; in the 16th year of Qianlong's reign (1751), the county seat The "bamboo lock" made by Zou was as strong as copper and was sent to Beijing as a tribute; silver mines were mined in Shangyuan Mountain during the Tongzhi period; Mulan woven cloth was already woven in Lufeng Township during the Guangxu period.

With the spread and application of science and technology, thermal power, type printing, machine rice milling, shipbuilding and automobile transportation industries began to exist in the territory during the Republic of China. After liberation, the Party and the People's Government attached great importance to scientific and technological work. In 1950, an agricultural technology extension institute was established in the county to carry out farming system reform and variety improvement. Since then, the smelting, machinery, textile, printing, chemical, and food industries have all developed. In January 1959, the county launched a technological innovation and technological revolution movement, but the unrealistic "big launch" of satellites resulted in exaggeration and blind command in the field of science and technology. In February 1960, the county established the Science and Technology Committee. After implementing the central government’s policy of “adjustment, consolidation, enrichment, and improvement” in 1962, scientific and technological work returned to a pragmatic style. During the "Cultural Revolution", the Science and Technology Commission and Science and Technology Association were abolished, science and technology promotion units were dismantled and merged, and science and technology work suffered setbacks. Under difficult conditions, the majority of scientific and technological personnel are still working hard and concentrating on research to promote the development of science and technology. In 1969, the first permanent south gate bridge with stone piers and double curvature arches across the Tingjiang River and the Huilong Water Wheel Pumping Station, a branch dam blocking the Tingjiang River, were built; in 1970, the county's rural areas realized the implementation of improved dwarf-stem varieties and rice cultivation. Continuous production; in 1971, the county agricultural machinery factory designed and manufactured a "one load" threshing machine. In the same year, the county fertilizer factory was completed and put into operation. In June of the following year, a new process for carbonized briquettes was successfully developed.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1978, science and technology administrative management and social organization institutions were restored and strengthened. The science and technology team has grown day by day, academic exchanges have become increasingly active, and science and technology undertakings have developed healthily. By the end of 1987, the county had 5,191 scientific and technological personnel (including professional teachers), an increase of six times compared with 1949, and 883 agricultural and industrial technical personnel (of which 720 were directly involved in the front line of industrial and agricultural production). There are 185 scientific and technological personnel with technical secondary school education who hold leadership positions above the deputy bureau level. In 1987, there were 27 scientific and technological social groups in the county at the township (town) and county level with 1,188 members; 18 various professional societies with 308 members. From the National Science Conference in March 1978 to 1987, the county won 36 scientific and technological achievement awards at or above the regional level, including 23 at the provincial level and 13 at the regional level, and 38 academic papers in various subjects won awards at or above the county level. The five national science and technology "Spark Plans" implemented in 1986 have been completed as scheduled. Scientific and technological progress has promoted economic development. In 1987, the county's total industrial and agricultural output value was 210 million yuan, and the county's fiscal revenue was 18 million yuan, of which about 20% was due to technological progress.

In 2007, we increased investment in agricultural science and technology and allocated 400,000 yuan in agricultural science and technology funds, accounting for 53% of the county's three science and technology funds.

Accelerate the promotion and application of new agricultural technologies, focus on the four major industries of high-quality rice, high-quality fruit tea, high-quality edible fungi, and high-quality vegetables, focusing on the overall goal of developing "one township, one industry" and "one village, one product", and introduce various industries throughout the year There are 85 new varieties, 480,000 acres of high-quality rice, 90,000 acres of no-till rice cultivation, and 150,000 acres of super rice have been promoted. Strengthen the construction of agricultural science and technology demonstration bases, focusing on the construction of Caixi navel orange, Nanyang kumquat, Huyang green plum, Xikou tangerine, Gutian vegetables, Xiadu Shatian pomelo, Buyun and Taiba tea bases. Before the Qing Dynasty, official documents from official offices were transmitted by official post. Most private letters are sent by people who pay for them, so it is extremely difficult to send letters from afar. A postal agency was established in the 31st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1905). It was changed to a second-class post office the following year, and postal agencies were set up in 18 places including Lanjiadu, Fengnian, Zhongdu, Huilong, Baisha and Gutian. Sohe letter cabinet. At that time, the county's annual revenue was 96,000 pieces of mail and 60,000 pieces of mail were sent out.

After the Republic of China, all post stations were abolished and government documents were delivered by the post office. In 1914, the telegraph line from Longyan to Changting via Shanghang was established, and a telegraph office was opened in Shanghang. The telegraph office used the telegraph line to connect Longyan and Changting with long-distance calls, but the long-distance calls were only for internal use and not for external business. . In April 1977, the telegraph line from Shanghang to Yongding was completed. In 2013, businessmen raised funds to set up local telephones, but the operation was discontinued in 2018.

During the Second Civil Revolutionary War, most of the territory was the Central Soviet Area. Although the Kuomintang blocked communications in the Soviet Area, the Communist Party and the Red Army adopted a policy of protecting postal services and used the Soviet Area Post Office to communicate with the Kuomintang. The post office in the ruling area is in good condition and normal postage is obtained. At that time, there was a telephone switchboard in Sujiapei, Shanghang, which was the call center of the Western Fujian Soviet government. There were extensions in Lanxi, Baisha, Longyan, Xinquan, Tufang, and Hulei within the territory, forming the temporary telephone network of the Western Fujian Soviet.

In the 22nd year of the Republic of China, a telephone switchboard was set up in Shanghang for officials and merchants. In 1925, a telegraph business office was restored in the Xie Family Ancestral Hall, and the following year it was changed to a telegraph office. In 1927, the telephone switchboard was turned into a government office, and the post office and telecommunications were jointly established. By 2029, Shanghang officially opened long-distance telephone services with Longyan, Yongding, Huichang and other places, and communicated with various places through the relevant bureaus. In 1934, the Shanghang Telephone Office was established, forming a communication network between the county and various districts and townships. By the time of liberation in 1949, the county had one telecommunications bureau and one telephone switchboard, two post offices, and 20 postal agencies.

After liberation, the postal and telecommunications industry developed rapidly. Postal and telecommunications institutions and networks were spread all over urban and rural areas. Communication methods were continuously improved. Telegraph transmission changed from Morse manual transceivers to teletypes. After 1970, telephone lines were changed from solid line transmission to multi-channel carrier, and telephones were changed from magnet type to electromagnetic semi-automatic type. Especially after 1978, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the frequency of information transmission accelerated, and postal and telecommunications communications and equipment as modern tools were updated year by year. In 1987, there were 20 post and telecommunications branches (offices) in township factories and mines, with 23 exchange points and 197 post and telecommunications employees. There are 463 kilometers of postal roads in the county, an increase of 1.54 times compared with 1950. The total length of rural newspaper delivery lines is 1,398 kilometers, and the delivery rate is over 42%. There were 1.38 million export letters, an increase of 11.6 times over 1952, and an increase of 64.5% over 1980. The business income was 922,400 yuan, an increase of 26.8 times over 1952, and the balance of revenue and expenditure turned over was 178,100 yuan, an increase of 34.5 times over 1952. In 1988 and 1989, automatic local call and long-distance call systems were opened successively, allowing users to make direct calls to more than 100 countries and regions across the country and the world, and the switch capacity increased to 2,000.

In 2007, the total business volume completed was 15.364 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8.27%; the business income completed was 14.45 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.63%. Throughout the year, 1.58 million pieces of mail were received and sent, and 2.342 million pieces of mail were delivered.

In 2007, the County Telecom Branch completed an investment of more than 7 million yuan in fixed assets, including more than 3 million yuan in equipment, more than 3 million yuan in pipelines, more than 3 million yuan in pipelines, and more than 500,000 yuan in renovation projects.