How was Australia formed?

1606, the Spaniard Torres sailed through the strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea. Dutch explorers mapped the northern and western coasts of Australia and discovered Tasmania. William dampier, the first British explorer, landed on the northwest coast in 1688. But it wasn't until 1770 that another Englishman, Captain james cook, sailed to the South Pacific on the "Endeavour", drew a map of the east coast that was once called "New Holland" and declared this place as British land.

The American War of Independence ended its history as a penal colony, so Britain needed to find a new place to set up a prison. Sir joseph banks, President of the Royal Society, sailed with Captain Cook as a naturalist. He turned Australia into a colony of prisoners.

17881October, the first fleet consisting of 1 1 ships arrived in Botney Bay. But Governor Philip thinks Sydney Harbour is better. 1October 26th, Governor Philip landed in Sydney Harbour. This day is now designated as Australia's National Day. The first fleet * * * contains 1500 people, half of whom are prisoners. The Other Side of Fate by Robert Hughes is a classic work about the modern prison system. He believes that this system has had a long-term impact on Australian society. In the next 80 years, Britain sent about 6.5438+0.6 million prisoners to Australia.

Gradually, the number of free immigrants greatly exceeded that of prisoners. /kloc-the wool industry and the gold rush in the middle of the 0/9 th century promoted the further development of immigration activities. The lack of labor force, endless jungle and getting rich through agriculture, mining and trade are all factors that form Australia's unique social mechanism and thoughts and feelings.

1788 When European immigrants arrived, there were about 300,000 aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders in Australia. The development of colonies forcibly expelled the local indigenous people, interrupted the traditional land management methods, and introduced new animal and plant species into the fragile ecosystem. In the19th century and the early 20th century, due to the influence of new diseases, cultural interruption and disintegration, the population of indigenous peoples decreased greatly.